Exodus 34
New Catholic Bible
Chapter 34
The New Tablets of the Law. 1 The Lord said to Moses, “Cut two stone tablets like the first ones. I will write on these tablets the words that were on the first tablets, the ones you broke. 2 Be ready in the morning. Tomorrow morning you must climb up Mount Sinai and remain on the summit of the mountain with me. 3 No one is to climb up with you. No one should be on the summit of the mountain nor anywhere on the mountain. Even the flocks and the herds are not to graze in front of that mountain.”
4 Moses cut two tablets of stone like the first ones. He arose early in the morning and climbed up Mount Sinai, as the Lord had commanded him, with the two stone tablets in his hands.
The Lord Shows Himself to Moses.5 The Lord came down in a cloud and stood with him there and proclaimed the name of the Lord. 6 The Lord passed in front of him proclaiming, “The Lord, the Lord, a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love and fidelity, 7 who shows mercy to thousands. He forgives iniquity and transgression and sin, but will by no means forgive the iniquity of the fathers, visiting it upon their sons and their sons’ sons, to the third and fourth generation.”
8 Moses quickly bowed down to the ground and worshiped. 9 He said, “If I have found favor with you, my Lord, let the Lord walk in our midst. Yet, it is an obstinate people. Pardon our iniquity and sin and take us for your own inheritance.”
10 A New Book of the Law.[a] The Lord said, “Behold, I am going to establish a covenant with you. I will perform marvelous deeds before all your people, things that have never been done before anywhere on the earth or among any people. All the people in whose midst you dwell will see the work of the Lord, for it is a wondrous thing that I will do with you.
11 “Observe what I command you today. I will drive out the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 12 Take care not to make any covenants with the inhabitants of the land that you are about to enter, lest it become a snare to you. 13 You are to tear down their altars, smash their pillars, and cut down their sacred trees.[b] 14 You must not worship any other god, for the Lord is called Jealous, for he is a jealous God.
15 “Do not make a covenant with the people of that land lest, when they commit fornication for their gods and perform sacrifices to their gods, they invite you and you eat of their sacrifice.[c] 16 Do not take their daughters as wives for your sons lest, when their daughters commit fornication to their gods, they cause your sons to commit fornication with their gods as well.
17 “Do not make any molten gods for yourselves.
18 “Observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days eat unleavened bread at the appointed time in the month of Abib, for it was in the month of Abib that you came out of Egypt.
19 “Every creature that is the firstborn from its mother’s womb belongs to me: every firstborn bull, every firstborn cattle and sheep. 20 The firstborn of a donkey will be redeemed with a lamb. If you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. All of your firstborn sons are to be redeemed.
“None is to appear before me empty-handed.
21 “For six days you may work, but on the seventh you must rest. Even during plowing season and the harvest, you must rest.
22 “You shall celebrate the Feast of Weeks, that is, the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and also the Harvest Feast at the year’s end.
23 “Three times a year all your men will appear before the Lord God, the God of Israel, 24 for I will cast out your enemies before you and enlarge your borders. Neither will any man desire your land, when you go up three times a year to appear before the Lord, your God. 25 You shall not sacrifice the blood of my sacrificial victim with leavened bread, neither shall you let the sacrificial victim of the Passover remain until the morning.
26 “You will bring the best of the firstfruits of the land to the house of the Lord, your God.
“You shall not cook a kid goat in its mother’s milk.”
27 The Lord said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with them I have established a covenant with you and with Israel.”
28 Moses remained with the Lord for forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments, on the tablets.
29 The Radiant Face of Moses.[d] When Moses went down from Mount Sinai, he had the two tablets of Testimony in his hands, while he descended the mountain. He did not know that the skin of his face had become radiant, for he had been speaking with the Lord. 30 But when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses and that the skin of his face had become radiant, they were afraid to approach him. 31 Moses therefore called to them, to Aaron and all the heads of the community, and they went over to him. Moses spoke to them. 32 All the children of Israel then drew near after them, and he commanded them to do all that the Lord had told him on Mount Sinai. 33 When Moses was finished speaking to them, he put on a veil to cover his face. 34 Whenever Moses came before the Lord to speak with him, Moses took off the veil until he went outside. When he went outside, he told the children of Israel all that had been commanded them. 35 The children of Israel saw that the skin of his face had become radiant. Then he put the veil on over his face again, until he went in to speak with the Lord again.
Footnotes
- Exodus 34:10 After their first false step the chosen people had to make a serious commitment to live according to the renewed covenant. As a remembrance of this event, the Yahwist tradition has preserved for us this new Decalogue, which is probably to be associated with the point at which Israel became sedentary and had to struggle with the nature cults of Canaan; this would account for the emphasis on taking part in the liturgical celebrations.
- Exodus 34:13 In the Canaanite religion the pillars, Hebrew, massebot, were symbols of the male god; their cult is condemned; see also Ex 23:24; Lev 26:1; Deut 7:5; 12:3; 16:22; Hos 3:4; 10:1; Mic 5:12. The sacred trees (Hebrew, asherah) were a symbol of the female goddess of love and fertility (Astarte).
- Exodus 34:15 As compared to the worship of Yahweh, which is likened to a legitimate marriage, the worship of false gods is described as prostitution. See Ezek 16; 23; Hos 1–3; Rev 17.
- Exodus 34:29 The face of Moses reflected the glory of God. The verb garan, “to be radiant,” is like the noun goren, “horn.” This explains why the verb was translated as “horns” in the Latin Vulgate and became part of the tradition. Paul refers to this passage when he reminds Christians of their transformation into the image of God (2 Cor 3:7-8, 18).
Exodus 34
Lexham English Bible
Yahweh’s Description of Himself
34 And Yahweh said to Moses, “Cut for yourself two stone tablets like the first ones, and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke. 2 And be ready for the morning, and go up in the morning to Mount Sinai and present yourself to me there on the top of the mountain. 3 And no one will go up with you, and neither let anyone be seen on all the mountain, nor let the sheep and goats and the cattle graze opposite[a] that mountain.”
4 And Moses cut two stone tablets like the first ones, and he started early in the morning, and he went up to Mount Sinai, as Yahweh had commanded him, and he took in his hand the two stone tablets. 5 And Yahweh descended in the cloud, and he stood with him there, and he proclaimed the name of Yahweh. 6 And Yahweh passed over before him, and he proclaimed, “Yahweh, Yahweh, God, who is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger,[b] and abounding with[c] loyal love and faithfulness, 7 keeping loyal love to the thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and he does not leave utterly unpunished, punishing the guilt of fathers on sons and on sons of sons on third and fourth generations.”
8 And Moses hurried and knelt down to the earth and worshiped. 9 And he said, “Please, if I have found favor in your eyes, Lord, let my Lord, please, go among us—indeed it is a stiff-necked people—and forgive our iniquity and our sin and take us as your possession.”[d]
Covenant Stipulations
10 And he said, “Look, I am about to make a covenant. In front of all your people I will do wonders that have not been created on all the earth and among all the nations, and all the people among whom you are will see Yahweh’s work, because what I am about to do with you will be awesome.
11 “Keep for yourself what I myself have commanded you today. Look, I am about to drive from before you the Amorites and the Canaanites[e] and the Hittites[f] and the Perizzites[g] and the Hivites[h] and the Jebusites.[i] 12 Be careful for yourself, lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land to which you are going, lest it be a snare among you. 13 Rather, you will tear down their altars, and you will break their stone pillars, and you will cut off their Asherah poles. 14 For you will not bow in worship to another god, for ‘Yahweh Is Jealous’ is his name, he is a jealous God, 15 lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they prostitute themselves after their gods, and they sacrifice to their gods, and they invite you, and you eat their sacrifice, 16 and you take from their daughters for your sons, and their daughters prostitute themselves after their gods, and they cause your sons to prostitute themselves after their gods. 17 You will not make gods of cast metal for yourself.
18 “You will keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Seven days you will eat unleavened bread, which I commanded you, at the appointed time of the month of Abib, for in the month of Abib you came out from Egypt. 19 Every first offspring of a womb is for me—all of your male livestock, the first offspring of cattle and small livestock. 20 But the first offspring of a donkey you will redeem with small livestock, and if you will not redeem it, you will break its neck. Every firstborn of your sons you will redeem, and you will not appear before me empty-handed. 21 Six days you will work, and on the seventh day you will rest; in the time of plowing and in the time of harvest you will rest. 22 And you yourself[j] will observe the Feast of Weeks—the firstfruits of the wheat harvest—and the Feast of Harvest Gathering at the turn of the year. 23 Three times in the year all your males will appear before the Lord, Yahweh, the God of Israel, 24 because I will evict nations before you, and I will enlarge your territory, and no one will covet your land when you go up to appear before Yahweh your God three times in the year.
25 “You will not slaughter the blood of my sacrifice on food with yeast, and the sacrifice of the Feast of the Passover will not stay overnight to the morning. 26 The beginning of the firstfruits of your land you will bring to the house of Yahweh your God. You will not boil a young goat[k] in its mother’s milk.”
27 And Yahweh said to Moses, “Write for yourself these words, because according to[l] these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”
The Shining Face of Moses
28 And he was there with Yahweh forty days and forty nights. He ate no food and drank no water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the ten words. 29 And[m] when Moses came down from Mount Sinai, the two tablets of the testimony were in the hand of Moses at his coming down from the mountain; and Moses did not know that the skin of his face shone because of his speaking with him. 30 And Aaron and all the Israelites[n] saw Moses, and, to their amazement,[o] the skin of his face shone, and they were afraid of coming near to him. 31 And Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the leaders of the community returned to him, and Moses spoke to them. 32 And afterward all the Israelites[p] came near, and he commanded them all that Yahweh had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. 33 And Moses finished speaking with them, and he put a veil on his face. 34 And when Moses came before Yahweh to speak with him, he would remove the veil until he went out, and he would go out and would speak to the Israelites[q] what he had been commanded. 35 And the Israelites[r] would see the face of Moses, that the skin of the face of Moses shone, and Moses would put back the veil on his face until his coming to speak with him.
Footnotes
- Exodus 34:3 Literally “to the front of”
- Exodus 34:6 Literally “long of nose”
- Exodus 34:6 Or “rich in” or “great of”
- Exodus 34:9 Or “take possession of us,” “make us your inheritance”
- Exodus 34:11 Hebrew “Canaanite”
- Exodus 34:11 Hebrew “Hittite”
- Exodus 34:11 Hebrew “Perizzite”
- Exodus 34:11 Hebrew “Hivite”
- Exodus 34:11 Hebrew “Jebusite”
- Exodus 34:22 Literally “for yourself” or “as for you, you will observe”
- Exodus 34:26 Or “kid”
- Exodus 34:27 Literally “on the mouth of”
- Exodus 34:29 Literally “And it was”
- Exodus 34:30 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Exodus 34:30 Literally “look” or “behold”
- Exodus 34:32 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Exodus 34:34 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Exodus 34:35 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
Éxodo 34
La Biblia de las Américas
Nuevas tablas de la ley
34 Y el Señor dijo a Moisés: Lábrate dos tablas de piedra como las anteriores(A), y yo escribiré sobre las tablas las palabras que estaban en las primeras tablas que tú quebraste(B). 2 Prepárate, pues, para la mañana[a], y sube temprano al monte Sinaí(C), y allí preséntate a mí en la cumbre del monte. 3 Y que no suba nadie contigo, ni se vea a nadie en todo el monte; ni siquiera ovejas ni bueyes pasten delante de ese monte(D). 4 Moisés, pues, labró dos tablas de piedra como las anteriores(E), se levantó muy de mañana y subió al monte Sinaí, como el Señor le había mandado, llevando en su mano las dos tablas de piedra. 5 Y el Señor descendió en la nube y estuvo allí con él, mientras este invocaba el nombre del Señor(F). 6 Entonces pasó el Señor por delante de él y proclamó: El Señor, el Señor, Dios compasivo y clemente, lento para la ira y abundante en misericordia y fidelidad[b](G); 7 el que guarda misericordia a millares, el que perdona la iniquidad, la transgresión y el pecado, y que no tendrá por inocente al culpable(H); el que castiga la iniquidad de los padres sobre los hijos y sobre los hijos de los hijos hasta la tercera y cuarta generación(I). 8 Y Moisés se apresuró a inclinarse[c] a tierra y adoró(J), 9 y dijo: Si ahora, Señor, he hallado gracia ante tus ojos(K), vaya ahora el Señor en medio de nosotros, aunque el pueblo sea de dura cerviz(L); y perdona nuestra iniquidad y nuestro pecado(M), y tómanos por posesión[d] tuya(N).
Advertencia contra la idolatría
10 Y Dios contestó: He aquí, voy a hacer un pacto(O). Delante de todo tu pueblo haré maravillas que no se han hecho[e] en toda la tierra(P) ni en ninguna de las naciones; y todo el pueblo en medio del cual habitas[f] verá la obra del Señor, porque es cosa temible la que haré por medio de ti. 11 Observa lo que te mando hoy: he aquí, yo echo de delante de ti al amorreo, al cananeo, al hitita, al ferezeo, al heveo y al jebuseo(Q). 12 Cuídate de no hacer pacto con los habitantes de la tierra adonde vas, no sea que esto se convierta en tropezadero[g] en medio de ti(R); 13 sino que derribaréis sus altares y quebraréis sus pilares sagrados y cortaréis sus Aseras[h](S) 14 (pues no adorarás a ningún otro dios, ya que el Señor, cuyo nombre es Celoso, es Dios celoso(T)) 15 no sea que hagas pacto con los habitantes de aquella[i] tierra, y cuando se prostituyan con sus dioses y les[j] ofrezcan sacrificios(U), alguien te invite y comas de su sacrificio(V); 16 y tomes de sus hijas para tus hijos, y ellas[k] se prostituyan con sus dioses, y hagan que también tus hijos se prostituyan con los dioses de ellas(W). 17 No te harás dioses de fundición(X).
18 (Y)Guardarás la fiesta de los panes sin levadura. Según te he mandado, por siete días comerás panes sin levadura(Z) en el tiempo señalado en el mes de Abib(AA), porque en el mes de Abib saliste de Egipto(AB). 19 Todo primer nacido[l] de matriz me pertenece, y de todo ganado tuyo, el primer nacido[m] de vaca y de oveja, que sea macho(AC). 20 Redimirás con una oveja el primer nacido[n] de asno; y si no lo redimes, quebrarás su cerviz. Redimirás a todo primogénito de tus hijos(AD); y nadie se presentará[o] ante mí con las manos vacías(AE).
21 Seis días trabajarás, mas en el séptimo día descansarás(AF); aun en el tiempo de arar y de segar, descansarás. 22 También celebrarás la fiesta de las semanas, es decir, los primeros frutos de la siega del trigo, y la fiesta de la cosecha al final del año(AG). 23 Tres veces al año se presentarán todos tus varones delante de Dios[p], el Señor, Dios de Israel(AH). 24 Porque yo expulsaré[q] a las naciones de tu presencia y ensancharé tus fronteras(AI), y nadie codiciará tu tierra cuando subas tres veces al año a presentarte delante del Señor tu Dios.
25 No ofrecerás[r] la sangre de mi sacrificio con pan leudado, ni se dejará nada del sacrificio de la fiesta de la Pascua hasta la mañana(AJ). 26 Traerás a la casa del Señor tu Dios las primicias de los primeros frutos de tu tierra. No cocerás el cabrito en la leche de su madre(AK).
27 Entonces el Señor dijo a Moisés: Escríbete estas palabras(AL); porque conforme a estas palabras he hecho un pacto(AM) contigo y con Israel. 28 Y Moisés estuvo allí con el Señor cuarenta días y cuarenta noches(AN); no comió pan ni bebió agua. Y escribió en las tablas(AO) las palabras del pacto, los diez mandamientos[s](AP).
La faz de Moisés resplandece
29 Y aconteció que cuando Moisés descendía del monte Sinaí con las dos tablas del testimonio en su mano, al descender del monte(AQ), Moisés no sabía que la piel de su rostro resplandecía(AR) por haber hablado con Dios[t]. 30 Y al ver Aarón y todos los hijos de Israel a Moisés, he aquí, la piel de su rostro resplandecía(AS); y tuvieron temor de acercarse a él. 31 Entonces Moisés los llamó, y Aarón y todos los jefes de la congregación volvieron a él; y Moisés les habló. 32 Y después se acercaron todos los hijos de Israel, y él les mandó que hicieran todo lo que el Señor había hablado con él en el monte Sinaí. 33 Cuando Moisés acabó de hablar con ellos, puso un velo sobre su rostro(AT). 34 Pero siempre que Moisés entraba a la presencia del Señor para hablar con Él, se quitaba el velo hasta que salía(AU); y siempre que salía y decía[u] a los hijos de Israel lo que se le había mandado, 35 los hijos de Israel veían que la piel del rostro de Moisés resplandecía. Y Moisés volvía a ponerse el velo sobre su rostro(AV) hasta que entraba a hablar con Dios[v].
Footnotes
- Éxodo 34:2 O, de mañana
- Éxodo 34:6 O, verdad
- Éxodo 34:8 Lit., y se inclinó
- Éxodo 34:9 O, heredad
- Éxodo 34:10 Lit., creado
- Éxodo 34:10 Lit., estás
- Éxodo 34:12 Lit., trampa
- Éxodo 34:13 I.e., símbolos de madera de una deidad femenina
- Éxodo 34:15 Lit., la
- Éxodo 34:15 Lit., a sus dioses
- Éxodo 34:16 Lit., sus hijas
- Éxodo 34:19 Lit., Toda abertura
- Éxodo 34:19 Lit., la abertura
- Éxodo 34:20 Lit., la abertura
- Éxodo 34:20 Lit., no se presentarán
- Éxodo 34:23 Heb., YHWH, generalmente traducido Señor
- Éxodo 34:24 Lit., desposeeré
- Éxodo 34:25 Lit., matarás
- Éxodo 34:28 Lit., las diez palabras
- Éxodo 34:29 Lit., El
- Éxodo 34:34 Lit., hablaba
- Éxodo 34:35 Lit., El
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