Isaiah 1:1-27:3
Lexham English Bible
Superscription
1 The vision of Isaiah son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.
Rebellious Judah
2 Hear, heavens,
and listen, earth,
for Yahweh has spoken:
“I reared children
and I brought them up,
but they rebelled against me.
3 An ox knows its owner
and a donkey the manger of its master.
Israel does not know;
my people do not understand.
4 Ah, sinful nation,
a people heavy with iniquity,
offspring of evildoers,
children who deal corruptly.
They have forsaken Yahweh;
they have despised the holy one of Israel.
They are estranged and gone backward.
5 Why do you want to be beaten again?
You continue in rebellion.
The whole of the head is sick,
and the whole of the heart is faint.
6 From the sole of the foot and up to the head
there is no health in it;
bruise and sore and bleeding wound have not been cleansed,
and they have not been bound up
and not softened with the oil.
7 Your country is desolate,
your cities are burned with fire;
As for your land, aliens are devouring it in your presence,
and it is desolate, like devastation by foreigners.
8 And the daughter of Zion is left like a booth in a vineyard,
like a shelter in a cucumber field,
like a city that is besieged.[a]
9 If Yahweh of hosts had not left us survivors,[b]
we would have been as few as Sodom,
we would have become like Gomorrah.
10 Hear the word of Yahweh, rulers of Sodom!
Listen to the teaching of our God, people of Gomorrah!
11 What is the abundance of your sacrifices to me? says Yahweh.
I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams
and the fat of fattened animals
and I do not delight in the blood of bulls
and ram-lambs and goats.
12 When you come to appear before me,
who asked for this from your hand:
you trampling my courts?
13 You must not continue[c] to bring offerings[d] of futility,
incense—it is an abomination to me;
new moon and Sabbath, the calling of a convocation—
I cannot endure iniquity with solemn assembly.
14 Your new moons and your appointed festivals my soul hates;
they have become to me like a burden,
I am not able to bear them.
15 And when you stretch out your hands,
I will hide my eyes from you;
even though you make many prayers,[e]
I will not be listening.
Your hands are full of blood. 16 Wash! Make yourselves clean!
Remove the evil of your doings from before my eyes!
Cease to do evil! 17 Learn to do good!
Seek justice! Rescue the oppressed!
Defend the orphan! Plead for the widow!
18 “Come now, and let us argue,” says Yahweh.
“Even though your sins are like scarlet, they will be white like snow;
even though they are red like crimson, they shall become like wool.
19 If you are willing and you are obedient,
you shall eat the good of the land.
20 But if you refuse and you rebel, you shall be devoured by the sword.
For the mouth of Yahweh has spoken.”
Purifying Jerusalem
21 How has a faithful city become like a whore?
Full of justice, righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers.
22 Your silver has become as dross;
Your wine is diluted with waters.
23 Your princes are rebels
and companions of thieves.
Every one loves a bribe
and runs after gifts.
They do not defend the orphan
and the legal dispute of the widow does not come before them.
24 Therefore, the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel:
“Ah, I will be relieved of my enemies,
and I will avenge myself on my foes.
25 And I will turn my hand against you;
I will purify your dross like lye,
and I will remove all of your tin.
26 And I will restore your judges, as at the first,
and your counselors, as at the beginning.
After this you will be called[f] the city of righteousness,
faithful city.
27 Zion will be redeemed by justice,
and those of her who repent, by righteousness.
28 But the destruction of rebels and sinners shall be together,
and those who forsake Yahweh will perish.
29 For you[g] will be ashamed of the oaks in which you delighted,
and you will be disgraced because of the gardens that you have chosen.
30 For you shall be like an oak withering its leaves,
and like a garden where there is no water for her.
31 And the strong man shall become like tinder,
and his work like a spark.
And both of them shall burn together,
and there is not one to quench them.”
The Mountain of Yahweh
2 The word that Isaiah son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem:
2 And it shall happen in the future of the days
the mountain of the house[h] of Yahweh shall be established;
it will be among the highest[i] of the mountains,
and it shall be raised from the hills.
All of the nations shall travel to him;
3 many peoples shall come.
And they shall say,
“Come, let us go up to the mountain of Yahweh,
to the house[j] of the God of Jacob,
and may he teach us part of his ways,
and let us walk in his paths.”
For instruction shall go out from Zion,
and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem.
4 He shall judge between the nations
and he shall arbitrate for many peoples.
They shall beat their swords into ploughshares
and their spears into pruning hooks.
A nation shall not lift up a sword against a nation,
and they shall not learn war again.
The Day of Yahweh
5 House of Jacob, come and let us walk in the light of Yahweh.
6 For you have forsaken your people, house of Jacob,
because they are full[k] from the east,
and of soothsayers like the Philistines,
and they make alliances[l] with the offspring of foreigners.
7 And its land is filled with silver and gold,
and there is no end to its treasures;
and its land is filled with horses,
and there is no end to its chariots.
8 Its land is filled with idols;
they bow down to the work of their[m] hands,
to what they made with their[n] fingers.
9 So humanity is humbled;
everyone is humbled,
and you must not forgive them.
10 Enter into the rock
and hide yourself in the dust
from the presence of the terror of Yahweh
and from the glory of his majesty.
11 The haughty eyes[o] of humanity will[p] be brought low,
and the pride of everyone will be humbled,
and Yahweh alone will be exalted on that day.
12 For there is a day for Yahweh of hosts
against all of the proud and the lofty
and against all that is lifted up and humble,[q]
13 and against all the lofty and lifted up cedars of Lebanon,
and against all the large trees of Bashan,
14 and against all the high mountains,
and against all the lofty hills,
15 and against every kind of high tower,
and against every kind of fortified wall,
16 and against all the ships of Tarshish,
and against all the ships of desire.
17 And the haughtiness of the people shall be humbled,
and the pride of everyone shall be brought low,
and Yahweh alone will be exalted on that day.
18 And the idols shall pass away entirely,
19 and they will enter into the caves of the rocks
and into the holes of the ground
from the presence of the terror of Yahweh
and from the glory of his majesty
when he rises[r] to terrify the earth.
20 On that day humanity will throw away its idols of silver
and its idols of gold,
which they made for it to worship,
to the rodents[s] and to the bats—
21 to enter into the crevices of the rocks
and into the clefts of the crags
from the presence of the terror of Yahweh
and from the glory of his majesty,
when he rises[t] to terrify the earth.
22 Turn away from humanity,
who has breath in its nostrils,[u]
for by[v] what is it esteemed?
Leaders of Judah and Jerusalem
3 For look, the Lord Yahweh of hosts is removing every source of support[w]
from Jerusalem and from Judah:
all of the supplies of bread
and all of the supplies of water,
2 mighty warrior and man of war,
judge and prophet,
and diviner and elder,
3 captain of fifty and the honorable men of rank,
and counselor and skillful magicians and skillful enchanter.
4 And I will make boys their princes,
and children shall rule over them.
5 And the people will be oppressed by each other[x]
and a man by his neighbor.
The boy will act arrogantly toward the elder,
and the dishonorable toward the honorable.
6 Indeed, a man will seize his brother
in the house of his father:
“You have a cloak;[y]
you shall be a leader for us,
and this heap of ruins shall be under your hand!”
7 He will lift up his voice on that day, saying,
“I will not be a healer;
in my house there is no bread
and there is no cloak.
You shall not make me the leader of the people!”
8 For Jerusalem has stumbled,
and Judah has fallen
because their speech and their deeds are against Yahweh,
defying the eyes of his glory.
9 The look on their faces testifies against them
and they declare their sin like Sodom;
they do not hide it.
Woe to their soul!
For they have dealt out evil to themselves.
10 Tell the innocent[z] that it is good
for they shall eat the fruit of their deeds.
11 Woe to the wicked![aa] It is bad!
For what is done by his hands will be done to him.
12 My people—children are their oppressors,
and women rule over them.
My people, your leaders are misleading you,
and they confuse the course of your paths.
13 Yahweh takes his stand to conduct a legal case
and takes his stand to judge the peoples.
14 Yahweh enters into judgment with the elders of his people and its princes.
“And you! You have devoured the vineyard;
the spoil of the poor is in your houses!
15 Why[ab] do you crush my people
and grind the face of the poor?”
declares[ac] the Lord Yahweh of hosts.
The Pride of Jerusalem’s Women
16 And Yahweh said: “Because[ad] the daughters of Zion are haughty,
and they walk with outstretched neck,
and they give flirting glances with their eyes,
mincing along as they go,[ae]
and with their feet they rattle their bangles,[af]
17 the Lord will make the heads[ag] of the daughters of Zion scabby,
and Yahweh will lay their foreheads bare.”
18 In that day the Lord will take away the finery of the anklets
and the headbands and the crescent necklaces,
19 the pendants and the bracelets and the veils,
20 the headdresses and the armlets and the sashes,
and the perfume boxes[ah] and the amulets,
21 the signet rings and the nose rings,
22 the festal robes and the mantles,
and the cloaks and the handbags,
23 and the mirrors and the linen garments,
and the turbans and the wraps.
24 And this shall happen: There will be
a stench instead of perfume,
and a rope instead of a sash,
and baldness instead of a well-set hairdo,
and a clothing wrap of sackcloth instead of a rich robe,
branding instead of beauty.
25 Your men shall fall by the sword,
and your warriors in battle.
26 And her[ai] gates shall lament and mourn,
and she shall be banished;
she shall sit upon the ground.
4 And seven women shall grasp at one man on that day, saying,
“We will eat our own bread,
and we will wear our own clothing;
only let us be called by your name![aj]
Take away our disgrace!”
The Glory of the Branch of Yahweh
2 On that day the branch of Yahweh shall become beautiful and glorious,
and the fruit of the land shall become the pride and glory of the survivors[ak] of Israel.
3 And this shall happen: He who is left in Zion
and he who remains in Jerusalem will be called holy,
everyone written for life in Jerusalem,
4 when the Lord has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion
and cleansed the blood of Jerusalem from her midst
by a spirit of judgment
and by a spirit of burning.
5 Then Yahweh will create over all of the site[al] of Mount Zion[am]
and over her assembly a cloud by day
and smoke and the brightness of flaming fire by night.
Indeed, over all the glory there will be a canopy,
6 and it will be a shelter for shade from the heat by day,
and a refuge and a hiding place from rainstorm and from rain.
The Song of the Vineyard
5 Let me sing for my beloved
a song of my love concerning his vineyard:
My beloved had a vineyard[an] on a fertile hill.[ao]
2 And he dug it and cleared it of stones,
and he planted it with choice vines,[ap]
and he built a watchtower in the middle of it,
and he even hewed out a wine vat in it,
and he waited for it to yield grapes—
but it yielded wild grapes.
3 And now, inhabitants of Jerusalem
and men[aq] of Judah, judge between me and my vineyard.
4 What more was there to do for my vineyard that I have not done in it?
Why did I hope for it to yield grapes, and it yielded wild grapes?
5 And now let me tell you what I myself am about to do to my vineyard.
I will remove its hedge, and it shall become a devastation.
I will break down its wall, and it shall become a trampling.
6 And I will make it a wasteland;
it shall not be pruned and hoed,
and it shall be overgrown with briers[ar] and thornbushes.[as]
And concerning the clouds, I will command them not to send[at] rain down upon it.
7 For the vineyard of Yahweh of hosts is the house of Israel,
and the man[au] of Judah is the plantation of his delight.
And he waited for justice,[av]
but look! Bloodshed![aw]
For righteousness,[ax]
but look! A cry of distress![ay]
Woes on the Wicked
8 Ah! Those who join[az] house with house,
they join field together with field
until there is no place[ba]
and you are caused to dwell alone in the midst of the land.
9 Yahweh of hosts said in my ears:
Surely[bb] many houses shall become a desolation,
large and beautiful ones without inhabitant.
10 For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath,[bc]
and the seed of a homer will yield an ephah.[bd]
11 Ah! Those who rise early in the morning,
they pursue strong drink.
Those who linger in the evening,
wine inflames them.
12 And there will be lyre and harp,
tambourine and flute,
and wine at their feasts,
but they do not look at the deeds[be] of Yahweh,
and they do not see the work of his hands.
13 Therefore my people will go into exile without knowledge,
and their[bf] nobles[bg] will be men of hunger,
and their[bh] multitude is parched with thirst.
14 Therefore Sheol has enlarged its throat,
and it has opened wide its mouth without limit,
and her[bi] nobles[bj] will go down, and her multitude,
her tumult and those who revel in her.
15 And humankind is bowed down,
and man is brought low,
and the eyes of the haughty are humiliated.
16 But Yahweh of hosts is exalted by justice,
and the holy God shows himself holy by righteousness.
17 And then the lambs will graze as in their pasture,
and fatlings, kids[bk] will eat among the sites of ruins.[bl]
18 Ah! Those who drag iniquity along with the cords of falsehood
and sin as with rope of the cart,
19 those who say,
“Let him make haste;
let him hurry his work
so that we may see it
and let it draw near
and let the plan of the holy one of Israel come
so that we may know it!”
20 Ah! Those who call evil good and good evil,
those who put darkness for light and light for darkness,
those who put bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter!
21 Ah! Those who are wise in their own eyes
and have understanding in their view![bm]
22 Ah! Heroes at drinking wine,
and men of capability at mixing strong drink!
23 Those who acquit the guilty because of a bribe
and remove the justice of the innocent from him.
24 Therefore as the tongue of fire devours the stubble,
and dry grass sinks down in the flame,
so their root will become like the stench,
and their blossom will go up like the dust.
For they have rejected the instruction of Yahweh of hosts,
and they have treated the word of the holy one of Israel with contempt.
25 Therefore Yahweh’s wrath was kindled[bn] against his people,
and he stretched out his hand against them[bo] and struck them,[bp]
and the mountains quaked,
and their corpses[bq] were like refuse in the middle of the streets.
Yahweh’s Outstretched Hand
In all of this his anger has not turned back,
and still his hand is stretched out.
26 And he will raise a signal for a nation[br] from afar,
and he will whistle for it from the end of the earth.
And look! It comes quickly, swiftly!
27 None is weary,
and none among him stumbles;
none slumbers and none sleeps.
And no loincloth on his waist is opened,
and no thong of his sandals is drawn away.
28 Whose arrows are sharp,
and all of his bows are bent.
The hoofs of his horses are reckoned like flint,
and his wheels like the storm wind.
29 His roaring is like the lion,
and he roars like young lions.
And he growls and seizes his prey,
and he carries it off,
and not one can rescue it.
30 And he will roar over him on that day
like the roaring of the sea,
and if one looks to the land, look! Darkness! Distress!
And the light grows dark with its[bs] clouds.
Isaiah’s Commission
6 In the year of the death of Uzziah the king, I saw the Lord sitting on a high and raised throne, and the hem of his robe was filling the temple. 2 Seraphs were standing above him. Each had six wings:[bt] with two he covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew.
3 And the one called to the other and said,
“Holy, holy, holy is Yahweh of hosts!
The whole earth is full of his glory.”[bu]
4 And the pivots of the thresholds shook from the sound of those who called, and the house[bv] was filled with smoke.
5 And I said, “Woe to me! For I am destroyed![bw] For I am a man of unclean lips,[bx] and I am living among[by] a people of unclean lips,[bz] for my eyes have seen the king, Yahweh of hosts!”
6 Then one of the seraphs flew to me, and in his hand was a hot coal he had taken from the altar with tongs.
7 And he touched my mouth, and he said,
“Look! This has touched your lips
and has removed your guilt,
and your sin is annulled.”
8 Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying,
“Whom shall I send?
And who will go for us?”
And I said,
“I am here!
Send me!”
9 And he said, “Go and say to this people,
‘Keep on listening and do not comprehend!
And keep on looking and do not understand!’
10 Make the heart of this people insensitive,
and make its ears unresponsive,
and shut its eyes
so that it may not look with its eyes
and listen with its ears
and comprehend with its mind
and turn back, and it may be healed for him.”
11 Then I said, “Until when, Lord?”
And he said,
“Until the cities lie wasted without inhabitant,
and houses without people,
and the land is ruined and a waste,
12 and Yahweh sends the people far away,
and the abandonment is great in the midst of the land.
13 And even if only a tenth part remain,[ca] again she will be destroyed[cb]
like a terebinth or like an oak,
which although felled, a tree stump remains in them.
The seed of holiness will be her tree stump.”
The Sign to Ahaz
7 This happened in the days of Ahaz, son of Jotham, son of Uzziah, king of Judah. Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went[cc] up to Jerusalem for warfare against it,[cd] but he was not able to fight against it.[ce] 2 When it was reported to the house of David, saying “Aram stands by Ephraim,” his heart and the heart of his people shook like the shaking of the trees of the forest because of the wind.
3 Then Yahweh said to Isaiah, “Go out to meet Ahaz, you and Shear-Jashub your son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool on the highway of the washer’s field. 4 And you must say to him, ‘Take heed and be quiet! You must not fear, and your heart must not be faint because of these two stumps of smoldering firebrands, because of the fierce anger of[cf] Rezin and Aram and the son of Remaliah. 5 Because Aram has plotted evil against you with Ephraim and the son of Remaliah, saying, 6 “Let us go up against Judah and let us tear her apart, and let us lay it open and so bring it unto ourselves,[cg] and let us install the son of Tabeel as king in her midst.” 7 Thus says the Lord Yahweh, “It shall not stand, and it shall not come to pass. 8 For the head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin, and in sixty-five years from now Ephraim will be too shattered to be a people. 9 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. If you do not believe then you will not endure.”’”
10 And Yahweh continued to speak to Ahaz, saying, 11 “Ask for a sign for yourself from Yahweh God; make it deep as Sheol or make it high as above.” 12 But Ahaz said, “I will not ask, and I will not put Yahweh to the test.”
13 Then he said, “Hear, house of David! Is it too little for you to make men weary, that you should also make my God weary? 14 Therefore the Lord himself will give you[ch] a sign. Look! the virgin[ci] is with child and she is about to give birth to a son, and she shall call his name ‘God with us.’ 15 He shall eat curds and honey until he knows to reject the evil and to choose the good. 16 For before the boy knows to reject the evil and to choose the good, the land whose two kings you dread will be abandoned.[cj]
That Day
17 “Yahweh will bring on you and on your people and on the house of your ancestor[ck] days that have not come since the day Ephraim departed from Judah: the king of Assyria.” 18 And this shall happen: On that day, Yahweh will whistle for the fly that is at the end of the stream of Egypt and the bee that is in the land of Assyria. 19 And all of them will come and settle in the rivers of the cliffs and in the clefts of the rocks and on all of the thornbushes and watering places. 20 On that day, the Lord will shave the head and the hair of the feet with a razor of the one hired from beyond the river—with the king of Assyria—and it will even take off the beard. 21 And this shall happen: on that day, a young man will keep a young cow of the herd and two sheep alive. 22 And this shall happen: because of the abundance of milk production, he will eat curds, for every one that is left in the midst of the land will eat curds and honey. 23 And this shall happen on that day: Every place where there are a thousand vines[cl] for a thousand silver pieces will become briers,[cm] and it will be thornbushes.[cn] 24 One will go there with arrows and bow, for all of the land will be briers[co] and thornbushes.[cp] 25 And as for all of the hills that they hoed with the hoe, you will not go there, for fear of briers[cq] and thornbushes.[cr] And it will become like pastureland for cattle and overtrodden land for sheep.
Signs of the Assyrian Invasion
8 Then Yahweh said to me, “Take yourself a large tablet and write on it with a common stylus pen: Maher-Halal-Hash-Baz. 2 And I will require reliable witnesses as a witness for me: Uriah the priest and Zechariah son of Jeberekiah.” 3 And I approached the prophetess, and she conceived, and she gave birth to a son. And Yahweh said to me, “Call his name Maher-Halal-Hash-Baz. 4 For before the boy knows to call ‘my father’ and ‘my mother,’ one will carry away the wealth of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria in the presence of the king of Assyria.”
Shiloah Waters and Euphrates Flood
5 And Yahweh continued to speak to me again, saying,
6 “Because this people has refused the gently flowing waters of Shiloah and rejoices over Rezin and the son of Remaliah, 7 therefore look! The Lord is bringing up the waters of the great and mighty river against them, the king of Assyria and all his glory.
And he will rise above all his channels,
and he will flow over all his banks.
8 And he will sweep into Judah;
he will overflow and he will flood up to the neck.
He will reach, and he will spread his wings out over your entire land,[cs] God with us.”
9 Be broken, you peoples, and be dismayed.
And listen, all distant parts of the earth;
gird yourselves and be dismayed;
gird yourselves and be dismayed!
10 Make a plan,[ct] but it will be frustrated!
Speak a word, but it will not stand,
for God is with us!
Wait for Yahweh
11 For Yahweh said this to me while his hand weighed heavily on me,[cu]
and he warned me not to walk[cv] in the way of this people, saying,
12 “You must not call conspiracy everything that this people calls conspiracy,
and you must not share its fear,[cw] and you must not be in dread.
13 You shall regard Yahweh of hosts as holy,
and he is your[cx] fear, and he is your dread.
14 And he will become like a sanctuary and a stumbling-stone,
and like a stumbling-rock for the two houses of Israel,
like a trap and a snare for the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
15 And many shall stumble among them,
and they shall fall and they shall be broken,
and they shall be ensnared and they shall be caught.”
16 Bind up the testimony;
seal the teaching among my disciples.
17 And I will wait for Yahweh,
who hides his face from the house of Jacob,
and I will await him.
18 Look! I and the children whom Yahweh has given to me are like signs and portents in Israel from Yahweh of hosts, the one who dwells on the mountain of Zion. 19 Now if they tell you, “Consult the ghosts and the spirits, those who chirp and those who mutter. Should not a people consult its gods, the dead on behalf of the living, 20 for teaching and for testimony?” surely they who speak like this have no dawn.[cy]
21 And it[cz] will pass through it[da] distressed and hungry, and this shall happen: when it is hungry, it will be enraged, and it will curse its king and its gods,[db] and it will face upwar 22 or look to the earth. But look! Distress and darkness, the gloom of affliction! And it will be thrust into darkness!
New Light: The Birth of a King
9 [dc] But there will be no gloom for those who were in distress.[dd]
In former times he[de] treated the land of Zebulun and Naphtali with contempt, but in the future he will honor the way of the sea beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations.
2 The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light;
light has shined on those who lived in a land of darkness.
3 You have made the nation numerous;
you have not[df] made the joy great.
They rejoice in your presence as with joy at the harvest,
as they rejoice when they divide plunder.
4 For you have shattered the yoke of its burden
and the stick of its shoulder,
the rod of its oppressor, on[dg] the day of Midian.
5 For every boot that marches and shakes the earth[dh]
and garment rolled in blood
will[di] be for burning—fire fuel.
6 For a child has been born for us;
a son has been given to us.
And the dominion will be on his shoulder,
and his name is called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God,
Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
7 His dominion will grow continually,
and to peace there will be no end[dj]
on[dk] the throne of David and over[dl] his kingdom,
to establish it[dm] and sustain it
with justice and righteousness
now and forever.
The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this.
Yahweh’s Anger against Arrogance
8 The Lord has sent out a word against Jacob,
and it fell on Israel.
9 And all of the people knew it,
Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria
in pride and arrogance of heart, saying,
10 “The bricks have fallen, but we will build with dressed stone.
The sycamore-fig trees were felled, but we will replace them with cedars.”
11 So Yahweh strengthened the adversaries of Rezin[dn] against him,
and he provoked his enemies—
12 Aram from the east
and Philistines[do] from the west—
and they devoured Israel with the whole mouth.
He has not turned away his anger in all of this,
and his hand is still stretched out.
13 And the people did not turn to the one who struck it,[dp]
and they did not seek Yahweh of hosts.
14 So Yahweh cut off head and tail from Israel,
palm branch and reed in one day.
15 Elders[dq] and the respectable[dr] are the head,
and prophets[ds] who teach lies[dt] are the tail.
16 And the leaders of this people were misleading them,
and those who were led were confused.
17 Therefore the Lord did not rejoice over its young men,
and he did not have compassion on its orphans and widows,
for everyone was godless and an evildoer,
and every mouth was speaking folly.
In all of this his anger did not turn away,
and still his hand is stretched out.
18 For wickedness burned like fire;
it consumed brier and thorn.
And it kindled the thickets of the forest,
and they swirled upward in a column of smoke.
19 The land was burned through the wrath of Yahweh of hosts,
and the people became like fire fuel.
People had no compassion toward each other.[du]
20 They devoured on the right but still were hungry
and devoured on the left but they were not satisfied.
Each one devoured the flesh of his arm,
21 Manasseh devoured Ephraim, and Ephraim Manasseh;
together they were against Judah.
In all of this his anger has not turned away,
and still his hand is stretched out.
Woes on the Wicked
10 Ah! Those who decree decrees of evil,
and writers who have written harm,
2 to guide the needy away from legal claims,[dv]
and to rob the justice from the poor of my people,
to make widows their spoil;
and they plunder orphans.
3 And what will you do at the day of punishment,
and at calamity? It comes from afar!
To whom will you flee for help,
and where will you leave your wealth,
4 save that they bow down under the prisoners
and fall under the slain?[dw]
In all of this his anger has not turned away,
and still his hand is stretched out.
Judgment on Assyria’s Arrogance
5 Ah! Assyria, the rod of my anger,
and a staff is in their hand: my wrath!
6 I send him against a godless nation,
and I command him against the people of my wrath,
to capture spoil
and to carry off plunder,
and to make them[dx] a trampling place,
like the clay of the streets.
7 But he does not think this,[dy]
and his heart does not plan this.
For it is in his heart to destroy
and to cut off not a few nations.
8 For he says, “Are not my commanders altogether kings?
9 Is not Calno like Carchemish?
Is not Hamath like Arpad?
Is not Samaria like Damascus?
10 As my hand has reached to the kingdoms of the idols[dz]
—and their images were greater than those of[ea] Jerusalem and Samaria—
11 shall I not do to Jerusalem and its idols
what I have done to Samaria and her idols?”
12 And this shall happen: when the Lord has finished all his work against Mount Zion[eb] and Jerusalem, “I will punish the arrogance[ec] of the king of Assyria and his haughtiness.”[ed]
13 For he says,
“I have done it by the strength of my hand
and by my wisdom, for I have understanding,
and I have removed the boundaries of peoples,
and I have plundered their stores,
and like a bull I have brought down the inhabitants.[ee]
14 And my hand has found, like a nest, the wealth of the peoples,
and like the gathering of forsaken eggs, I myself have gathered all the earth.
And there was no fluttering wing or open mouth or chirp.”
15 Does the ax boast against the one who cuts with it,
or the saw magnify itself against the one who moves it to and fro?
As if a rod should move the one who lifts it![ef]
As if a staff should lift up that which is not wood![eg]
16 Therefore the Lord, Yahweh of hosts, will send leanness among his sturdy warriors,
and a burning like the burning of fire will burn under his glory.
17 And the light of Israel will become like a fire,
and his holy one like a flame,
and it will burn and devour his thorns[eh] and briers[ei] in one day.
18 And he will destroy the glory of his forest and orchard completely,[ej]
and it will be like the wasting away of one who is sick.
19 And the rest of the trees[ek] of his forest will be a small number,
and a boy can write them down.
The Return of the Remnant
20 And this shall happen: on that day, the remnant of Israel and the survivors[el] of the house of Jacob will not continue to lean on the one who struck it
but will lean on Yahweh, the holy one of Israel, in truth.
21 A remnant will return—
the remnant of Jacob—to the mighty God.
22 For though your people Israel was like the sand of the sea,
only a remnant of it will return.
Annihilation is determined,
overflowing with righteousness.
23 For the Lord Yahweh of hosts is about to make a complete destruction
and a determined end in the midst of all the earth.
24 Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh of hosts:
“My people who live in Zion,
you must not be afraid of Assyria.
It beats you with the rod,
and it lifts up its staff against you as the Egyptians did.[em]
25 My indignation will come to an end in just a very little while,[en]
and my anger will be directed to their destruction.”
26 And Yahweh of hosts is going to swing a whip against him,
as when Midian was defeated at the rock of Oreb;
and his staff will be over the sea,
and he will lift him up as he did in Egypt.[eo]
27 And this shall happen: on that day,
he will remove his burden from your shoulder
and his yoke from your neck,
and a yoke will be destroyed because of fat.[ep]
28 He has come to Aiath,
he has passed through Migron;
at Micmash he deposited his baggage.
29 They crossed over the pass;
Geba is a place of overnight lodging for us.
Ramah trembles;
Gibeah of Saul has fled.
30 Daughter of Gallim, cry out with your voice;
Laishah, listen!
Anathoth is poor.[eq]
31 Madmenah flees!
The inhabitants of Gebim bring themselves into safety!
32 This day[er] taking a stand[es] at Nob,
he will shake his fist at the mountain of the daughter[et] of Zion,
at the hill of Jerusalem.
33 Look! The Lord Yahweh of hosts is about to lop off the branches[eu] with great power,
and the towering trees[ev] will be felled,
and the tall trees[ew] will be brought low.
34 And he will cut down the thickets of the forest with the axe,
and Lebanon will fall by the mighty one.
The Branch’s Righteous Reign
11 And a shoot will come out from the stump of Jesse,
and a branch from its roots will bear fruit.
2 And the spirit of Yahweh shall rest on him—
a spirit of wisdom and understanding,
a spirit of counsel and might,
a spirit of knowledge and the fear of Yahweh.
3 And his breath[ex] is in the fear of Yahweh.
And he shall judge not by his eyesight,
and he shall rebuke not by what he hears with[ey] his ears.
4 But he shall judge the poor with righteousness,
and he shall decide for the needy of the earth with rectitude.
And he shall strike the earth with the rod of his mouth,
and he shall kill the wicked person with the breath of his lips.
5 And righteousness shall be the belt around his waist,
and faithfulness the belt around his loins.
6 And a wolf shall stay[ez] with a lamb,
and a leopard shall lie down with a kid,
and a calf and a lion and a fatling together
as a small boy leads[fa] them.
7 And a cow and a bear shall graze;
their young shall lie down together.
And a lion shall eat straw like the cattle.
8 And an infant[fb] shall play over a serpent’s hole,
and a toddler[fc] shall put his hand on a viper’s hole.
9 They will not injure and they will not destroy on all of my holy mountain,[fd]
for the earth will be full of the knowledge of Yahweh,
as the waters cover the sea.
10 And this shall happen on that day:
the nations shall inquire of the root of Jesse,
which shall be standing as a signal to the peoples,
and his resting place shall be glorious.
The Regathered Remnant
11 And this shall happen on that day:
The Lord will again extend his hand a second time
to acquire the remnant of his people that is left,
from Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the coastlands of the sea,
12 and he will raise a signal for the nations.
And he will gather the outcasts of Israel,
and he will gather the scattered ones of Judah together from the four corners[fe] of the earth.
13 And the jealousy of Ephraim shall depart,
and the enemies of Judah shall be cut off.
Ephraim shall not be jealous of Judah,
and Judah shall not be an enemy of Ephraim.
14 But they shall swoop[ff] upon the Philistine shoulder,[fg] westward.[fh]
Together they shall plunder the sons of the east.
Edom and Moab will be under their command,[fi]
and the sons of Ammon will be their subjugated people.
15 And Yahweh will divide[fj] the tongue[fk] of the sea of Egypt,[fl]
and he will wave his hand over the river[fm] with his scorching wind;
and he will strike it into seven streams,
and he will make it passable by foot.[fn]
16 So there shall be a highway from Assyria for the remnant of his people that remains,
as there was for Israel when[fo] it went up from the land of Egypt.
A Song of Thanksgiving
12 And you will say on that day,
“I will give you thanks, Yahweh,
for though you were angry with me,
your anger turned away,
and you comforted me.
2 Look! God is my salvation;
I will trust, and I will not be afraid,
for my strength and might is Yah, Yahweh;
and he has become salvation for me.”
3 And you will draw water from the wells of salvation in joy. 4 And you will say on that day,
“Give thanks to Yahweh;
call on his name.
Make his deeds known among the peoples;
bring to remembrance that his name is exalted.
5 Sing praises to Yahweh, for he has done a glorious thing;
this is known in all the earth.
6 Inhabitant of Zion, shout out and sing for joy,
for the holy one of Israel is great in your midst.”
An Oracle against Babylon
13 The oracle of Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz saw:
2 Raise a signal on a bare hill,
lift up your voice to them;
wave the hand and may they enter the gateways of the noblemen.
3 I myself I have commanded my consecrated ones,
I have also summoned my mighty warriors concerning my anger,
the ones who exalt over[fp] my majesty.
4 A sound, a noise is on the mountains,
the likeness of many people!
A sound of the roar of the kingdoms,
of nations gathering!
Yahweh of hosts is mustering an army for battle.
5 They are coming from a distant land,
from the end of the heavens,
Yahweh and the weapons of his indignation,
to destroy the whole earth.[fq]
6 Wail, for the day of Yahweh is near;
it will come like destruction from Shaddai![fr]
7 Therefore all hands will grow slack,
and every human heart will melt,
8 and they will be dismayed.
Pangs and labor pains will seize them;
they will tremble like a woman giving birth.
They will stare at one another,[fs]
their faces flushing.[ft]
9 Look! The day of Yahweh is coming,
cruel and wrath and the burning of anger,
to make the earth a desolation,
and he will destroy its sinners from it.
10 For the stars of the heavens and their constellations will not flash forth their light;
the sun will keep back when it comes out,
and the moon will not cause its light to shine.
11 And I will punish the world for its evil
and the wicked for their iniquity.
And I will put an end to the pride of the arrogant,
and I will bring the haughtiness of tyrants low.
12 I will make humanity more rare than gold
and humankind more than the gold of Ophir.
13 Therefore I will make the heavens tremble,
and the earth will quake from its place
because of the wrath of Yahweh of hosts,
and in the day his anger burns.
14 And this shall happen:
like a hunted gazelle or sheep with none to gather them,[fu]
they will each turn to his own people,
and they will each flee to his own land.
15 Everyone who is found will be pierced through,
and everyone who is carried away will fall by the sword.
16 And their children will be dashed into pieces before their eyes;
their houses will be plundered, and their wives will be raped.[fv]
17 Look! I am stirring the Medes up against them,
who do not value silver
and do not delight in gold.
18 And their bows will shatter young men.
And they will not show mercy on the fruit of the womb;
their eyes will not look compassionately on children.
19 And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the splendor of the Chaldeans’ pride, will be like when God overthrew[fw] Sodom and Gomorrah.
20 It will not be inhabited forever,
and it will not be dwelled in forever;[fx]
and no Arab will pitch a tent there,
and shepherds will not allow their flocks to lie down there.
21 But wild animals will lie down there,
and their houses will be full of howling creatures,
and the daughters of ostriches[fy] will live there,
and goats will dance there.
22 And hyenas will answer in its palaces,
and jackals in the pleasure palaces;
and its time is coming soon,[fz]
and its days will not be prolonged.
The Restoration of Israel
14 But Yahweh will have compassion on Jacob,
and he will again choose Israel
and set them on their land,
and the immigrant will join himself to them,
and they will attach themselves to the house of Jacob.
2 And the nations will take them
and bring them to their place,
and the house of Israel will take possession of them[ga] in the land of Yahweh
as slaves and female slaves.
And this will happen:
they will take their captors captive
and rule over their oppressors.
The Downfall of the King of Babylon
3 And it shall happen on the day Yahweh gives you rest from your pain and turmoil and hard labor which you had to perform,[gb]
4 that you will take this taunt against the king of Babylon,
and you will say:
“How the oppressor has ceased!
his insolence[gc] has ceased.
5 Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked,
the scepter of rulers,
6 that struck the peoples in wrath, a blow without ceasing,
that ruled the nations in anger
with unrestrained persecution.[gd]
7 All of the earth rests and is quiet;
they break forth into singing.
8 Even the cypresses rejoice over you,
the cedars of Lebanon:
‘Since you were laid down,
no wood cutter comes up against us.’
9 Sheol below is getting excited over you,
to meet you when you come;[ge]
it arouses the dead spirits for you,
all of the leaders of the earth.
It raises all of the kings of the nations from their thrones.
10 All of them will respond and say to you,
‘You yourself also were made weak like us!
You have become the same as us!’
11 Your pride is brought down to Sheol,
and the sound of your harps;
maggots[gf] are spread out beneath you like a bed,
and your covering is worms.[gg]
12 How you have fallen from heaven, morning star, son of dawn!
You are cut down to the ground, conqueror of nations!
13 And you yourself said in your heart,
‘I will ascend to heaven;
I will raise up my throne above the stars of God;
and I will sit on the mountain of assembly
on the summit of Zaphon;[gh]
14 I will ascend to the high places of the clouds,[gi]
I will make myself like the Most High.’
15 But you are brought down to Sheol,
to the depths of the pit.
16 Those who see you will stare at you,
they will look closely at you:
‘Is this the man who made the earth tremble,
who caused kingdoms to shake,
17 who made the world like the desert
and destroyed its cities,
who would not let his prisoners go home?’
18 All the kings of the nations, all of them, lie in glory,
each one in his house.
19 But as for you, you are thrown away from your grave,
like an abhorrent shoot,
clothed with the slain,
those pierced by the sword,
those who go down to the stones of the pit,
like a corpse that is trodden down.
20 You will not be united with them in burial
because you have destroyed your land,
you have killed your people.
The descendants[gj] of evildoers will not be mentioned for eternity!
21 Prepare a place of slaughter for his sons
because of the sin of their ancestors.[gk]
Let them not rise and take possession of the earth
or fill up the face of the world with cities.”
22 “And I will rise up against them,”
declares[gl] Yahweh of hosts,
“and I will cut off name and a remnant from Babylon,
and offspring and posterity,”
declares[gm] Yahweh.
23 “And I will make her a possession of the hedgehog,
and pools of water,
and I will sweep her away with the broom of destruction,”
declares[gn] Yahweh of hosts.
Oracle of Judgment on Assyria
24 Yahweh of hosts has sworn, saying,
“Surely[go] just as I have intended, so it shall be.
And just as I have planned, it shall stand:
25 to break Assyria in my land,
and I will trample him down on my mountains;
and he shall remove his yoke from them,
and he shall remove his burden from his[gp] shoulders.”[gq]
26 This is the plan that is planned concerning all of the earth;
and this is the hand that is stretched out over all of the nations.
27 For Yahweh of hosts has planned, and who will frustrate it?
And his hand is stretched out, and who will turn it back?
Oracle of Judgment on Philistia
28 In the year of the death of king Ahaz there was this oracle:
29 You must not rejoice, all you Philistines,
that the rod that struck you is broken,
for a viper will come forth from the root of the snake,
and its fruit will be a flying serpent.
30 And the firstborn of the poor will graze,
and the needy will lie down in security;
but I will cause your root to die in famine,
and it will kill your remnant.
31 Wail, gate! Cry, city!
Melt,[gr] Philistia, all of you!
For smoke is coming from the north,
and there is no straggler in his ranks.
32 And what will one answer the messengers of the nation?
That Yahweh has founded Zion,
and the needy of his people will take refuge in it.
Oracle of Judgment on Moab
15 An oracle of Moab:
Because Ar is devastated in a night, Moab is destroyed;
because Kir of Moab is devastated in a night, it is destroyed.
2 It has gone up to the house,[gs]
and Dibon to the high places
for weeping over Nebo,
and Moab wails over Medeba.
Every head is bald,[gt]
every beard is shaved.
3 They gird themselves with sackcloth in its streets;
on its roofs and public squares everyone wails,
going down in weeping.
4 And Heshbon and Elealeh cry[gu] out,
their voice is heard as far as Jahaz;
therefore the armed ones of Moab cry out;
its soul quivers[gv] for him.
5 My heart cries out for Moab;
its fugitives flee up to Zoar,
to Eglath-shelishiyah.
For at the ascent of Luhith it goes up it with weeping;
for on the road of Horonaim they raise up a cry of destruction.
6 For the waters of Nimrim are wastelands;
for the grass has withered,
the vegetation has vanished,
there is no greenness.
7 Therefore they carry the abundance it has made
and their store of goods over the river of the poplars.
8 For a cry for help has encircled the territory of Moab,
her wailing is heard as far as Eglaim,
and her wailing as far as Beer Elim.
9 For the waters of Dimon[gw] are full of blood;
but I will place added things upon Dimon:
a lion for the survivors[gx] of Moab
and for the remnant of the land.
16 Send a ram[gy] to the ruler of the land,
from Sela across the desert to the mountain of daughter Zion.[gz]
2 And this shall be:
like a bird fleeing from a thrust away nest
shall be the daughters of Moab at the fords of Arnon.
3 “Bring counsel,
make a decision;
make your shade like the night
in the middle of noonday.
Hide the outcasts;
you must not betray the fugitive.
4 Let my outcasts of Moab dwell as aliens among you;
be a hiding place for them from the presence of the destroyer.”
When the oppressor is no more, destruction has stopped,
the one who tramples has[ha] disappeared from the land,
5 then a throne shall be established in steadfast love,
and one shall sit on it in faithfulness, in the tent of David,
judging and seeking justice
and zealous for righteousness.
6 We have heard of the pride of Moab—exceedingly proud—
of his arrogance, pride, and insolence; his boasting is not true.[hb]
7 Therefore Moab wails;
all of it wails for Moab,
for the raisin cakes of Kir-hareseth you moan, utterly devastated.[hc]
8 For Heshbon withers the fields, the vine of Sibmah;
rulers of nations have broken down her tendrils,
they reached up to Jazer,
they wandered to the desert;
her shoots spread abroad,
they crossed over the sea.
9 Therefore I weep with the weeping of Jazer for the vine of Sibmah.
I drench you with my tears,[hd] Heshbon and Elealeh,
for a jubilant shout has fallen over your summer fruit and harvest.
10 And joy and gladness are[he] taken away from the fruitful land,
and in the vineyards no one exults,
no one shouts for joy;
no treader treads wine in the presses;
I have put to an end to the jubilant shout.
11 Therefore my heart moans[hf] like a harp for Moab
and my inner parts for Kir-heres.
12 And this shall happen:
when Moab appears, when it is weary upon the high place
and it comes to its sanctuary to pray, it will not prevail.
13 This was the word that Yahweh spoke to Moab in the past.[hg] 14 But now Yahweh speaks, saying, “In three years, like the years of a hired worker, the glory of Moab will become contemptible, with all of the great multitude, and the remnant will be a few, small, not strong.
Oracle of Judgment on Damascus
17 An oracle of Damascus:
“Look! Damascus will cease being a city
and will become a heap of ruins.
2 The cities of Aroer will be deserted;[hh]
they will be for the flocks,
and they will lie down and no one will frighten[hi] them.
3 And the fortified city will disappear from Ephraim,
and the kingdom from Damascus;
and the remnant of Aram will be like the glory of the children of Israel,”
declares[hj] Yahweh of hosts.
4 “And this shall happen:
On that day, the glory of Jacob will be brought low,
and the fat of his flesh will become lean.
5 And it shall be as when a reaper gathers[hk] standing grain
and he reaps grain with his arm,
and it shall be like one who gathers ears of grain
in the valley of Rephaim.
6 And gleanings will be left over in it, as when an olive tree is beaten,[hl]
two or three ripe olive berries in the top of a branch,
four or five on its fruitful branches,”
declares[hm] Yahweh, the God of Israel.
7 On that day, mankind will look to its maker,
and its eyes will look to the holy one of Israel;
8 it will not look to the altars,
the work of its hands,
and it will not see what its fingers made
and the poles of Asherah worship and the incense altars.
9 On that day, its fortified cities[hn] will be like the abandonment of the wooded place and the summit,[ho] which they deserted because of the children of Israel; and there will be desolation.
10 For you have forgotten the God of your salvation,
and you have not remembered the rock of your refuge;
therefore you plant plants of pleasantness,
and you plant[hp] a vine of a foreigner.
11 On your planting day you make them grow,
and in the morning of your sowing you bring them into bloom,
yet the harvest will flee[hq] in a day of sickness and incurable pain.
The Roar of the Peoples
12 Ah! The noise of many peoples, they make a noise like the noise of the seas!
And the roar of nations, they roar like the roar of mighty waters!
13 The nations roar like the roar of many waters,
but he will rebuke him, and he will flee far away.
And they are chased like chaff of the mountains before the wind
and like tumbleweed before the storm.
14 At the time of evening, and look, terror!
Before morning he is no more.
This is the fate of those who plunder us
and the lot of those who plunder us.
Oracle of Judgment on Cush
18 Ah! land of the whirring of wings,
which is beyond the rivers of Cush,
2 that sends messengers by the sea
and in vessels of papyrus on the surface of the waters!
Go, swift messengers, to a tall[hr] and smooth[hs] nation,
to a people feared near and far,[ht]
a mighty, mighty[hu] and trampling[hv] nation,
whose land rivers divide.
3 All you inhabitants of the world
and dwellers of the earth,
when a signal is raised on the[hw] mountains, you must look,
and when a trumpet is blown,[hx] you must listen!
4 For Yahweh said this to me:
“I will be quiet,
and I will look from my dwelling place
like clear heat because of light,[hy]
like a cloud of dew in the heat of harvest.”
5 For before the harvest, when the blossom is complete[hz]
and a blossom becomes ripening fruit,
and one cuts off the shoots with pruning hooks,
and one removes, tears away the tendrils.
6 They shall all be left[ia] for birds[ib] of prey of the mountains
and for the animals[ic] of the earth.
And the birds[id] of prey will pass the summer on it,
and every animal of the earth will winter on it.
7 At that time, a gift[ie] will be brought to Yahweh of hosts
from a tall[if] and smooth[ig] people,
and from a people feared near and far,
a mighty, mighty and trampling nation,
whose land the rivers divide,
to the place of the name of Yahweh of hosts,
the mountain of Zion.
Oracle of Judgment on Egypt
19 An oracle of Egypt:
Look! Yahweh is riding on a swift cloud
and is coming to Egypt.
And the idols of Egypt will tremble in front of him,
and the heart of Egypt melts in his inner parts.
2 “And I will stir up Egyptians[ih] against Egyptians,[ii]
and each one will fight against his brother
and each one against his neighbor,
city against city, kingdom against kingdom.
3 And the spirit of the Egyptians[ij] will be disturbed in his midst,
and I will confuse[ik] his plans,[il]
and they will consult the idols and the spirits of the dead,
and the ghosts and the spiritists.
4 And I will hand over the Egyptians[im] into the hand of a hard master,
and a powerful king will rule over them,”
declares[in] the Lord Yahweh of hosts.
5 And the waters will be dried up from the sea,
and the river will be parched and dry.
6 And the rivers will become foul-smelling;
the branches of the Nile of Egypt will become little and dry up;
reed and rush will wither.
7 Bare places by the Nile will be dried up,
by the edge of the Nile and all the sown land of the Nile;
it will be driven about, and it will be no more.[io]
8 And the fishers will mourn,
and all of those who cast fishhooks[ip] in the Nile will lament,
and those who spread out fishing nets[iq] on the surface[ir] of the water will languish.
9 And the workers of combed flax will be ashamed,
and those who weave white linen.
10 And her weavers will be crushed;
all the hired workers[is] will be grieved of heart.
11 Surely the princes of Zoan are foolish;
the wise of the counselors of Pharaoh give senseless counsel.
How can you say to Pharaoh,
“I myself am a son of sages,
a descendant[it] of ancient kings”?
12 Where are your sages then?
Now, let them tell you,
and let them know what Yahweh of hosts has planned against Egypt.
13 The princes of Zoan have become foolish;
the princes of Memphis are deceived;
the leaders of her tribes have led Egypt astray.
14 Yahweh has mixed a spirit of confusion into her midst,
and they have caused Egypt to stagger in all of its doings,
as when a drunkard staggers[iu] in his vomit.
15 And there will be nothing for Egypt to do,[iv]
head or tail, palm branch or reed.
The Future Blessing of Egypt, Assyria, and Egypt
16 On that day, Egypt will be like women, and will tremble and be afraid before the waving hand of Yahweh of hosts that he is waving against it. 17 And the land of Judah will become a terror to Egypt, everyone to whom one mentions it will be afraid in himself because of the plan of Yahweh of hosts that he is planning against him.
18 On that day, there will be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak the language[iw] of Canaan and swear an oath to Yahweh of hosts. One will be called “City of the Sun.”
19 On that day, there will be an altar for Yahweh in in the middle of the land of Egypt, and a stone pillar for Yahweh at her border. 20 And it will be a sign and a witness to Yahweh of hosts in the land of Egypt; when they cry out to Yahweh because of oppressors, he will send them a savior and a defender,[ix] and he will deliver them. 21 And Yahweh will make himself known to Egypt, and Egypt will know Yahweh on that day, and they will worship with sacrifice and offering, and they will make vows[iy] to Yahweh, and they will fulfill them. 22 And Yahweh will strike Egypt, striking and healing; and they will return to Yahweh, and he will respond to their prayer, and he will heal them.
23 On that day, there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria, and Assyria will come into Egypt, and Egypt into Assyria, and Egypt will worship together with Assyria.
24 On that day, Israel will be the third with Egypt and Assyria, a blessing in the midst of the earth, 25 whom Yahweh of hosts blessed, saying, “May Egypt my people be blessed, and Assyria, the work of my hands, and my inheritance, Israel.”
A Sign regarding Egypt and Cush
20 In the year the commander-in-chief came[iz] to Ashdod, when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him, and he fought against Ashdod and he took it, 2 at that time, Yahweh had spoken by the hand of Isaiah son of Amoz, saying,
“Go and loosen the sackcloth from your loins,
and take off your sandals[ja] from your feet,”
and he had done so, walking naked and barefoot.
3 Then[jb] Yahweh said, “Just as my servant Isaiah has walked naked and barefoot three years as a sign and a portent against Egypt and Cush, 4 so shall the king of Assyria lead the captives[jc] of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, young and old, naked and barefoot, with bared buttocks,[jd] the shame of Egypt.
5 And they shall be dismayed,
and they shall be ashamed
because of Cush, their hope,
and because of Egypt, their pride.
6 And the inhabitant[je] of the coastland will say this on that day:
‘Look! This is our hope to whom we fled for help, to be delivered from[jf] the king of Assyria, and how shall we escape?’”
The Fall of Babylon
21 The oracle of the wilderness of the sea:
As storm winds passing over in the Negev,
it comes[jg] from the desert,
from a frightful land.
2 A hard revelation is told to me;
the treacherous deals treacherously,
and the destroyer destroys.
Go up, Elam;
lay siege, Media!
I put an end to all of her sighing.
3 Therefore my loins are filled with anguish;
pangs have seized me, like the pangs of a woman giving birth.
I am too bent to hear,[jh]
I am too dismayed to see.[ji]
4 My mind[jj] staggers; fear terrifies me;
the twilight I desired[jk] brought[jl] me fear.
5 Set out the table in order!
Spread out the rugs![jm]
Eat! drink!
Rise up, commanders;
smear[jn] the shield!
6 For the Lord said this to me:
“Go, set a watchman in position.
He must announce what he sees.
7 When[jo] he sees riders,[jp]
a pair of horsemen,
riders[jq] of donkeys,[jr]
riders[js] of camels,[jt]
then[ju] he must listen attentively,
paying attention, paying special[jv] attention.”
8 Then[jw] the watchman[jx] called,
“Lord, I am standing on the watchtower continually by day,
and I am standing at my post throughout[jy] the night.
9 And look at this! A man’s a chariot is coming,
a pair of horsemen!”
Then[jz] he responded and said,
“It has fallen! Babylon has fallen!
And all the images of her gods are[ka] smashed on the ground!”
10 My downtrodden people
and the son of my threshing floor,
I will announce to you what I have heard from Yahweh of hosts, the God of Israel.
Oracle regarding Dumah
11 The oracle of Dumah:
One is calling to me from Seir,
12 The watchman says,
“Morning comes,
and also the night.
If you will inquire, inquire;
come back again.”[kd]
Oracle against Arabia
13 An oracle concerning[ke] Arabia:
You will spend the night in the thicket in a desert-plateau,[kf]
caravans of Dedanites.
14 When you happen to meet[kg] the thirsty, bring water.
Inhabitants of the land of Tema came to meet the fugitive with his bread.
15 For they have fled from the swords,
from the drawn sword and the bent bow,
and from the heaviness of the battle.
16 For the Lord said this to me:
“In one more year,[kh] like the years of a hired worker,
all the glory of Kedar will come to an end.
17 And the remainder of the number of the bows[ki] of the warriors of the sons of Kedar will be few.”
For Yahweh, the God of Israel, has spoken.
Oracle against Jerusalem
22 The oracle of the valley of vision:
What business do you have going[kj] up, all of you, to the roofs,
2 noisy,[kk] tumultuous city,
exultant town?
Your slain are not slain by the sword,
nor are they dead from battle.
3 All of your rulers have fled together without a bow;
all of you who were found[kl] were captured.
They were captured together;
they had fled far away.
4 Therefore I said,
“Look away from me,
let me weep bitterly;[km]
you must not insist on comforting me
for the destruction of the daughter of my people.”
5 For the Lord Yahweh of hosts has a day of tumult and trampling and confusion[kn] in the valley of vision,
a tearing down of walls[ko] and a cry for help to the mountains.[kp]
6 And Elam lifted up the quiver,
with chariots[kq] of men[kr] and cavalry.
And Kir uncovered the shield.
7 And this happened:
the choicest of your valleys were full of chariots,[ks]
and the cavalry confidently stood at the gate.
8 And he uncovered the covering of Judah.
And you looked, on that day, to the weapons[kt] of the House of the Forest,
9 and you saw that the breaches in the walls of the city of David were many,
and you gathered the waters of the lower pool.
10 And you counted the houses of Jerusalem,
and you broke down the houses to fortify the wall.
11 And you made a reservoir between the walls for the waters of the old pool,
but you did not look to its maker,
and you did not see the one who created it long ago.[ku]
12 And the Lord, Yahweh of hosts, called on that day
for weeping and mourning,
and for baldness and girding with[kv] sackcloth.
13 But look! Joy and gladness,
the killing of oxen[kw] and the slaughtering of sheep,
the eating of meat and the drinking of wine!
“Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”
14 And it was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of hosts:
“Surely this sin will not be atoned for you until you die!”
says the Lord, Yahweh of hosts.
Oracle regarding Shebna
15 The Lord, Yahweh of hosts, says this:
“Go! Go to this steward, to Shebna,
who is over the house:
16 ‘What business do you have[kx] here,
and who do you have[ky] here,
that you have cut a grave cutting here for yourself,
carving his grave on the height,
a dwelling place for him in the rock?
17 Look! Yahweh is about to really hurl[kz] you, man!
And he is about to grasp you firmly;
18 he will wind a winding tightly around you like a ball, to a wide land.[la]
There you shall die,
and there the chariots of your splendor will be,
disgrace to your master’s house!
19 And I will push you from your office,
and he will throw you down from your position.
20 And this shall happen:
On that day I will call to my servant, Eliakim son of Hilkiah,
21 and I will clothe him with your tunic,
and I will bind your sash firmly about him,
and I will put your authority into his hand,
and he shall be like a father to the inhabitants[lb] of Jerusalem
and to the house of Judah.
22 And I will put the key of the house of David on his shoulder,
and he shall open and no one will be able to shut;
and he shall shut and no one will be able to open.
23 And I will drive him in like a peg into a secure place,
and he will become like a throne of glory to the house of his father.
24 And they will hang all of the heaviness of his father’s house on him,
the offspring and the offshoot,
all of the small vessels,
from the bowls to the jars.[lc]
25 On that day, declares[ld] Yahweh of hosts, the peg that was driven will move away into a secure place, and it will be cut down and fall, and the load that was on her will be cut off. For Yahweh has spoken.’”
Oracle against Tyre
23 The oracle of Tyre:
Wail, ships of Tarshish, for the house is destroyed so that no one can enter;[le]
it is announced to them from the land of Cyprus.
2 Be still, inhabitants of the coast,
merchant of Sidon, who travels over the sea, they filled you.
3 And on the great waters is the seed of Shihor,
the harvest of the Nile is its produce,
and she was the merchandise of the nations.
4 Be ashamed, Sidon, for the sea,
the fortress of the sea said, saying,
“I was not in labor,
and I have not given birth,
and I have not reared young men,
brought[lf] up young women.”
5 When the report comes to Egypt,
they will be in anguish at the report about[lg] Tyre.
6 Cross over to Tarshish!
Wail, inhabitants of the coast!
7 Is this your exultant one,[lh] her origin from the days of long ago?
Her feet brought her to dwell afar as an alien.
8 Who has planned this against Tyre, the bestower of crowns,[li]
whose merchants were princes,
her traders the honored ones of the earth?
9 Yahweh of hosts has planned it:
to defile the pride of all glory,
to humble all the honored ones of the earth.
10 Cross over your own land like the Nile, daughter of Tarshish;
there is no longer a harbor.[lj]
11 He has stretched his hand out over the sea;
he has made kingdoms shake.
Yahweh has commanded concerning Canaan
to destroy her fortresses.
12 And he said,
“You will not continue[lk] to exult, crushed one, virgin[ll] daughter of Sidon.
Arise, cross over to Cyprus! There will be no rest for you even there.”
13 Look at the land of the Chaldeans!
This people no longer exists.
Assyria destined[lm] it for wild animals.
They erected its siege towers;
they demolished its citadel fortresses.
It made her like a ruin.
14 Wail, ships of Tarshish!
For your fortress is destroyed.
15 And this will happen on that day: And Tyre will be forgotten seventy years,[ln]
like the days of one king. At the end of seventy years,[lo] it will be for Tyre like the song of the prostitute:
16 “Take a harp,
go around the city, forgotten prostitute!
Do it well, playing a stringed instrument!
Make numerous songs,[lp] that you may be remembered.”
17 And this shall happen:
at the end of seventy years,[lq] Yahweh will visit Tyre,
and she will return to her harlot’s wages,
and she will commit fornication
with all the kingdoms of the world on the face of the earth.
18 And this shall happen:
her merchandise and her harlot’s wages will be set apart for Yahweh;
it will not be stored up,
and it will not be hoarded,
but her merchandise will be for those who live before the presence[lr] of Yahweh,
for eating to satiation and for fine clothing.
The Judgment on the Earth
24 Look! Yahweh is about to lay the earth waste
and is about to devastate it,
and he will twist her surface,
and he will scatter her inhabitants.
2 And it shall be as with the people, so with the priest;
as with the slave, so with his master;
as with the female slave, so with her mistress;
as with the buyer, so with the seller;
as with the lender, so with the borrower;
as with the creditor, so with the one to whom he lends.
3 The earth shall be utterly laid waste,
and it shall be utterly plundered,
for Yahweh has spoken this word.
4 The earth dries up, it withers;
the world languishes, it withers.
The elevated of the people of the earth languish,
5 and the earth is defiled beneath its inhabitants.
For they have transgressed laws;
they have passed by statutes;[ls]
they have broken the everlasting covenant.
6 Therefore a curse devours the earth,
and the inhabitants in it suffer for their guilt.
Therefore the inhabitants of the earth burn,
and few men are left.[lt]
7 The new wine dries up;
the vine languishes.
All the merry of heart sigh;
8 the joy of the tambourine has stopped.
The noise of the jubilant has ceased;
the joy of the lyre has stopped.
9 They do not drink wine with song;
strong drink is bitter to those who drink it.
10 The city of emptiness is broken;
every house is shut so that no one can enter;[lu]
11 there is an outcry over the wine in the streets.
All joy turns into darkness;[lv]
the joy of the earth disappears.
12 Desolation is left in the city;
the gate is crushed into a state of ruin.
13 For it shall be like this in the midst of the earth,
among the nations,
like the beating of an olive tree,
like gleanings when a grape harvest is at an end.
14 They lift up their voices;[lw] they sing for joy;
they shout out from the west over the majesty of Yahweh.
15 Therefore glorify Yahweh in the east,
the name of Yahweh the God of Israel in the coastlands of the sea.
16 We hear songs from the edge[lx] of the earth:
“Glory to the righteous one!”
But I say, “Ruin to me!
Ruin to me! Woe to me!
The treacherous ones deal treacherously,
and the treacherous ones deal treacherously with treachery!”
17 Terror and the pit and the snare are upon you, inhabitants[ly] of the earth!
18 And this shall happen:
The one who flees from the sound of the terror shall fall into the pit,
and the one who goes up from inside the pit[lz] shall be caught in the snare,
for the windows from heaven are opened,
and the foundations of the earth tremble.
19 The earth is utterly broken;
the earth is torn asunder;
the earth is shaken violently.
20 The earth staggers to and fro like the drunkard,
and it sways like a hut,
and its transgression is heavy upon it,
and it falls and does not rise again.
21 And this shall happen on that day:
Yahweh will punish the host of heaven in heaven,
and the kings of the earth on the earth.
22 And they will be gathered in a gathering, like a prisoner in[ma] a pit.
And they will be shut in[mb] a prison and be punished after[mc] many days.
23 And the full moon will be ashamed
and the sun will be ashamed,
for Yahweh of hosts will rule on Mount Zion[md] and in Jerusalem,
and before his elders in glory.
Praise for Salvation
25 Yahweh, you are my God; I will exalt you.
I will praise your name,
for you have done wonderful things,[me]
plans[mf] of old,[mg] in faithfulness, trustworthiness.
2 For you have made[mh] the city a heap,
the fortified city a ruin,
the palace of foreigners is no longer[mi] a city;
it will never[mj] be rebuilt.
3 Therefore strong peoples will glorify you;
a city of ruthless nations, they will fear you.
4 For you have been a refuge to the poor,
a refuge to the needy in his distress,
a shelter from the rainstorm,
a shade from the heat.
For the breath of the ruthless was like a rainstorm against a wall,[mk]
5 the noise of foreigners like heat in a dry land.
You subdued the heat with the shade of a cloud;
the song of the ruthless was silenced.
6 And on this mountain Yahweh of hosts will make for all peoples a rich feast,[ml]
a feast of aged wines, fat filled with marrow, filtered aged wine.
7 And on this mountain he will destroy[mm] the face of the shroud,
the shroud over all peoples,
and the woven covering over all nations.
8 He will destroy[mn] death forever,
and the Lord Yahweh will wipe off the tears from all faces,
and he will remove the disgrace of his people from all the earth,
for Yahweh has spoken.
9 And one will say, on that day,
“Look! This is our God! We have waited for him and he saved us!
This is Yahweh; we waited for him!
Let us be glad,
and let us rejoice in his salvation.”
10 For the hand of Yahweh will rest on this mountain,
and Moab shall be trampled down under him
as a heap of straw is trampled down[mo] in waters of[mp] a dung heap.
11 And it[mq] will spread out its hands in the midst of it,
just as the swimmer spreads out to swim,
and its pride will be brought low with the movement[mr] of its hands.
12 And he will throw down the fortification of the high point of your walls;
he will bring it low;
he will send it[ms] to the ground,
to the dust.
Judah’s Song of Praise
26 On that day, this song will be sung in the land of Judah:
2 Open the gates so that[mv] the righteous nation who keeps faithfulness may enter!
3 You will protect a firm inclination in peace,
in peace because he trusts in you.
4 Trust in Yahweh forever,
for in Yah, Yahweh you have an everlasting rock.
5 For he has thrown down the inhabitants of the height,
he lays low the lofty city.
He lays it low to the ground;
he throws her to the dust.
6 The foot tramples it,
the feet of the poor, the steps of the needy.”
Yahweh’s People Vindicated
7 The way of the righteous is a straight path;
you clear the level path of the righteous.[mw]
8 Surely we wait for you in the path of your judgments, Yahweh,
for your name and renown are the desire of the soul.
9 I desire you with all my soul in the night;
also I seek you with my spirit within me,
for when your judgments are upon[mx] the earth,
the inhabitants of the world learn righteousness.
10 Though the wicked person is shown compassion, he does not learn righteousness;
he acts unjustly in the land of uprightness,
and he does not see the majesty of Yahweh.
11 Yahweh, though your hand reaches high, they do not see it.
Let them see, and let them be ashamed of the zeal of people.
Indeed, let the fire of your enemies consume them.
12 Yahweh, you will establish peace for us,
for you have done even all of our works for us.
13 Yahweh, our God, lords besides you ruled over us,
but we praise your name alone.[my]
14 The dead do not live;
dead spirits do not rise
because you have punished and destroyed them,
and you have destroyed all memory of them.
15 You have added to the nation, Yahweh.
You have added to the nation; you are honored.
You have extended all the ends of the land.
16 Yahweh, in distress they have visited you;
they poured out an incantation;[mz]
your discipline was on them.
17 Like a pregnant woman on the point of giving birth, she writhes;
she cries in her labor pains.
So we were because of your presence, Yahweh.
18 We became pregnant, we writhed;
we gave birth to wind.
We cannot bring about deliverance on the earth,
and no inhabitants of the world are born.
19 Your dead shall live; their corpses[na] shall rise.
Wake up and sing for joy, dwellers of the dust,
for your dew is celestial dew,[nb]
and the earth will give birth to dead spirits.[nc]
20 Go, my people, enter into your chambers
and shut your doors[nd] behind you;
hide for a very little[ne] while,
until the wrath has passed over.
21 For look! Yahweh is about to come out from his place
to punish the iniquity of the inhabitants[nf] of the earth against him,
and the earth will disclose her blood
and will no longer cover her slain.
Israel Rescued
27 On that day, Yahweh will punish with his cruel, great and strong sword Leviathan, the fleeing serpent, and Leviathan, the twisting serpent, and he will kill the sea monster that is in the sea.
2 On that day:
“A vineyard of beauty! Sing in praise of it!
3 I, Yahweh, am her keeper;
I water it again and again.[ng]
Lest one afflict harm on it,
I guard it night and day;
Footnotes
- Isaiah 1:8 Or “preserved”
- Isaiah 1:9 Hebrew “survivor”
- Isaiah 1:13 Literally “increase” or “add to”
- Isaiah 1:13 Hebrew “offering”
- Isaiah 1:15 Hebrew “prayer”
- Isaiah 1:26 Literally “it will be called for you”
- Isaiah 1:29 Literally “they,” but a few manuscripts read “you,” which fits the context better
- Isaiah 2:2 Or “temple”
- Isaiah 2:2 Literally “head”
- Isaiah 2:3 Or “temple”
- Isaiah 2:6 Possibly “of diviners” was part of the original text here
- Isaiah 2:6 Literally “they clap hands”
- Isaiah 2:8 Hebrew “his”
- Isaiah 2:8 Hebrew “his”
- Isaiah 2:11 Literally “eyes of the haughtiness”
- Isaiah 2:11 The Hebrew is singular
- Isaiah 2:12 Or “it will be humbled”
- Isaiah 2:19 Literally “in his rising”
- Isaiah 2:20 Or “moles”
- Isaiah 2:21 Literally “in his rising”
- Isaiah 2:22 Hebrew “nostril”
- Isaiah 2:22 Or “in”
- Isaiah 3:1 Literally “supplies and supplies”
- Isaiah 3:5 Literally “man by man”
- Isaiah 3:6 Literally “a cloak for you”
- Isaiah 3:10 Singular
- Isaiah 3:11 Singular
- Isaiah 3:15 Literally “What to you”
- Isaiah 3:15 Literally “declaration of”
- Isaiah 3:16 There are two Hebrew words for “because” here
- Isaiah 3:16 Literally “they go walking and mincing along”
- Isaiah 3:16 Literally “they tinkle with their feet”
- Isaiah 3:17 Hebrew “head”
- Isaiah 3:20 Literally “houses of the breath”
- Isaiah 3:26 That is, Jerusalem’s
- Isaiah 4:1 Literally “let your name be called upon us”
- Isaiah 4:2 Hebrew “survivor”
- Isaiah 4:5 Or “place”
- Isaiah 4:5 Literally “the mountain of Zion”
- Isaiah 5:1 Literally “A vineyard was for my beloved”
- Isaiah 5:1 Literally “a horn of a son of olive oil.” The Hebrew for horn, qeren, sounds like the Hebrew for vineyard, kerem
- Isaiah 5:2 Hebrew “vine”
- Isaiah 5:3 Hebrew “man”
- Isaiah 5:6 Hebrew “brier”
- Isaiah 5:6 Hebrew “thornbush”
- Isaiah 5:6 Literally “from sending”
- Isaiah 5:7 Or “people”
- Isaiah 5:7 The Hebrew word, mishpat, sounds like mishpakh in the next line
- Isaiah 5:7 The Hebrew word, mishpakh, sounds like mishpat in the previous line
- Isaiah 5:7 The Hebrew word, tsedaqah, sounds like tsa`aqah in the next line
- Isaiah 5:7 The Hebrew word, tsa`aqah, sounds like tsedaqah in the previous line
- Isaiah 5:8 Literally “touch”
- Isaiah 5:8 Literally “an end of place”
- Isaiah 5:9 Literally “If not”
- Isaiah 5:10 A bath is a liquid measure
- Isaiah 5:10 An ephah is a dry measure equal to one-tenth of a homer
- Isaiah 5:12 Hebrew “deed”
- Isaiah 5:13 Hebrew “its”
- Isaiah 5:13 Hebrew “noble”
- Isaiah 5:13 Hebrew “its”
- Isaiah 5:14 That is, Jerusalem’s
- Isaiah 5:14 Hebrew “noble”
- Isaiah 5:17 Following the Septuagint, which reads the Hebrew grym (resident aliens) as gdym (young goats/sheep)
- Isaiah 5:17 Literally “and ruins, fatlings, resident aliens, will eat”
- Isaiah 5:21 Literally “before their faces”
- Isaiah 5:25 Literally “the anger of Yahweh became hot”
- Isaiah 5:25 Hebrew “it”
- Isaiah 5:25 Hebrew “it”
- Isaiah 5:25 Hebrew “corpse”
- Isaiah 5:26 The Hebrew is plural, but the following verses refer to the nation as singular
- Isaiah 5:30 Presumably the land’s
- Isaiah 6:2 Literally “six wings six wings for one”
- Isaiah 6:3 Literally “fullness of all of the earth glory him”
- Isaiah 6:4 Or “temple”
- Isaiah 6:5 Or “silenced”
- Isaiah 6:5 Literally “unclean of lips”
- Isaiah 6:5 With an emphatic sense: “in the very heart and midst of”
- Isaiah 6:5 Literally “unclean of lips”
- Isaiah 6:13 Literally “still in her a tenth”
- Isaiah 6:13 Literally “and she will again and she will be to burn”
- Isaiah 7:1 The Hebrew is singular
- Isaiah 7:1 Literally “her”
- Isaiah 7:1 Literally “her”
- Isaiah 7:4 Literally “because of the fierceness of the anger of”
- Isaiah 7:6 Literally “and let us break through her to us”
- Isaiah 7:14 The Hebrew is plural
- Isaiah 7:14 Or “young woman”
- Isaiah 7:16 Literally “the land which you dread will be abandoned because of the face of her two kings”
- Isaiah 7:17 Or “father”
- Isaiah 7:23 Hebrew “vine”
- Isaiah 7:23 Hebrew “brier”
- Isaiah 7:23 Hebrew “thornbush”
- Isaiah 7:24 Hebrew “brier”
- Isaiah 7:24 Hebrew “thornbush”
- Isaiah 7:25 Hebrew “brier”
- Isaiah 7:25 Hebrew “thornbush”
- Isaiah 8:8 Literally “the outspreading of his wings will be the fullness of the breadth of your land”
- Isaiah 8:10 Literally “Plan counsel”
- Isaiah 8:11 Literally “with the strength of the hand”
- Isaiah 8:11 Literally “instructed me from walking”
- Isaiah 8:12 Literally “fear its fear”
- Isaiah 8:13 The Hebrew is plural
- Isaiah 8:20 Literally “if not, they say like this word that there is no dawn for him,” which could also mean “if not, let them say a word like this: that there is no dawn for him”
- Isaiah 8:21 That is, the nation
- Isaiah 8:21 That is, the land
- Isaiah 8:21 Or “God”
- Isaiah 9:1 Isaiah 9:1–21 in the English Bible is 8:23–9:20 in the Hebrew Bible
- Isaiah 9:1 Literally “Indeed there is no gloom for the one to whom there was anxiety for her”
- Isaiah 9:1 That is, Yahweh
- Isaiah 9:3 The written text (Kethib) is “not,” but the reading tradition (Qere) is “for it”
- Isaiah 9:4 Hebrew “like”; the Hebrew letters for “like” and “on” look alike
- Isaiah 9:5 Literally “marching with shaking,” which might mean “marching is with shaking”
- Isaiah 9:5 Literally “and it will”
- Isaiah 9:7 Literally “There is no end to the increase of the dominion and to peace”
- Isaiah 9:7 Or “for”
- Isaiah 9:7 Or “for”
- Isaiah 9:7 That is, the kingdom
- Isaiah 9:11 Or “his adversaries” if a copyist added “of Rezin” in error
- Isaiah 9:12 Hebrew “Philistine”
- Isaiah 9:13 That is, the people
- Isaiah 9:15 Hebrew “Elder”
- Isaiah 9:15 Literally “one lifted up of face”
- Isaiah 9:15 Hebrew “prophet”
- Isaiah 9:15 Hebrew “lie”
- Isaiah 9:19 Literally “A man does not have compassion toward his brother”
- Isaiah 10:2 Hebrew “claim”
- Isaiah 10:4 Literally “except he will bow down under a prisoner and under slain they will fall”; “under” could also mean “in the place of”
- Isaiah 10:6 Hebrew “him”
- Isaiah 10:7 Or “so”
- Isaiah 10:10 Hebrew “idol”
- Isaiah 10:10 Literally “from”
- Isaiah 10:12 Literally “the mountain of Zion”
- Isaiah 10:12 Literally “fruit of the greatness of the heart”
- Isaiah 10:12 Literally “the pride of the height of his eyes”
- Isaiah 10:13 Or, “those sitting,” that is, rulers sitting on thrones
- Isaiah 10:15 Literally “As a rod waving even the one who lifts it up”
- Isaiah 10:15 Literally “As a staff lifting up not wood”
- Isaiah 10:17 Hebrew “thorn”
- Isaiah 10:17 Hebrew “brier”
- Isaiah 10:18 Literally “from soul and to body”
- Isaiah 10:19 Hebrew “tree”
- Isaiah 10:20 Hebrew “survivor”
- Isaiah 10:24 Literally “in the way of Egypt”
- Isaiah 10:25 Literally “for still a little a trifle”
- Isaiah 10:26 Literally “in the way of Egypt”
- Isaiah 10:27 The meaning of this phrase is uncertain, leading to the conjecture that it belongs with the next verse and by a different word division could mean “he has gone up from Jeshimon”; alternatively, “fat” could be a metaphor for prosperity
- Isaiah 10:30 Or with different vocalization, “Answer her, Anathoth!” which fits the parallelism better
- Isaiah 10:32 Literally “Yet today”
- Isaiah 10:32 Literally “to stand”
- Isaiah 10:32 Following the reading tradition (Qere); the consonantal text has “house”
- Isaiah 10:33 Hebrew “branch”
- Isaiah 10:33 Literally “the haughty of the height”
- Isaiah 10:33 Literally “height”
- Isaiah 11:3 Hebrew “smelling,” perhaps metaphorically as “delight” as in Amos 5:14; perhaps this line was accidentally copied twice from the preceding line
- Isaiah 11:3 Literally “the rumors of”
- Isaiah 11:6 Literally “dwell as an alien”
- Isaiah 11:6 Literally “and a small boy leading”
- Isaiah 11:8 Literally “one nursing”
- Isaiah 11:8 Literally “one who is weaned”
- Isaiah 11:9 Literally “mountain of holiness”
- Isaiah 11:12 Literally “wings”
- Isaiah 11:14 Literally “fly”
- Isaiah 11:14 That is, the hill country west of Judah
- Isaiah 11:14 Literally “sea”
- Isaiah 11:14 Literally “the stretching of their hand”
- Isaiah 11:15 Or “utterly destroy”
- Isaiah 11:15 Probably the “gulf”
- Isaiah 11:15 That is, the Red Sea
- Isaiah 11:15 That is, the Euphrates River
- Isaiah 11:15 Literally “cause to walk with the sandal”
- Isaiah 11:16 Literally “in the day”
- Isaiah 13:3 Literally “exultant of”
- Isaiah 13:5 Literally “all of the land/earth”
- Isaiah 13:6 Often translated “the Almighty”
- Isaiah 13:8 Literally “A man will stare at his neighbor”
- Isaiah 13:8 Literally “faces of flames”
- Isaiah 13:14 Literally “and without one who gathers”
- Isaiah 13:16 The reading tradition (Qere) softens this to “slept with”
- Isaiah 13:19 Literally “the overthrow by God of”
- Isaiah 13:20 Literally “until generation and generation”
- Isaiah 13:21 Hebrew “ostrich”
- Isaiah 13:22 Literally “close to come”
- Isaiah 14:2 That is, the nations
- Isaiah 14:3 Literally “was worked by you”
- Isaiah 14:4 The meaning of the word is uncertain; others translate it as “fury,” “hostility,” or even “golden city”
- Isaiah 14:6 Literally “persecution without withholding”
- Isaiah 14:9 Literally “your entrance”
- Isaiah 14:11 Hebrew “maggot”
- Isaiah 14:11 Hebrew “worm”
- Isaiah 14:13 Or “of the north”
- Isaiah 14:14 Hebrew “cloud”
- Isaiah 14:20 Hebrew “descendant”
- Isaiah 14:21 Or “fathers”
- Isaiah 14:22 Literally “declaration of”
- Isaiah 14:22 Literally “declaration of”
- Isaiah 14:23 Literally “declaration of”
- Isaiah 14:24 The oath formula begins literally “If not”
- Isaiah 14:25 That is, their
- Isaiah 14:25 Hebrew “shoulder”
- Isaiah 14:31 With fear or despair
- Isaiah 15:2 Or “temple”
- Isaiah 15:2 Literally “On all its heads baldness”
- Isaiah 15:4 The Hebrew is singular
- Isaiah 15:4 The Hebrew words for “cry out” and “quiver” are similar
- Isaiah 15:9 One of the Dead Sea Scrolls reads “Dibon” here
- Isaiah 15:9 Hebrew “survivor”
- Isaiah 16:1 Possibly “rams” if a scribe accidentally omitted the Hebrew plural ending because the next word begins with that same letter
- Isaiah 16:1 Literally “the daughter of Zion”
- Isaiah 16:4 Literally “one who tramples have,” with mismatched singular and plural
- Isaiah 16:6 Literally “not so his boasting”
- Isaiah 16:7 Literally “surely destroyed”
- Isaiah 16:9 Hebrew “tear”
- Isaiah 16:10 The Hebrew is singular
- Isaiah 16:11 Literally “intestines moan,”; in Hebrew, the “intestines” are the seat of the emotions, which would correspond to the “heart” in English
- Isaiah 16:13 Literally “from then”
- Isaiah 17:2 These words in Hebrew (and “flocks” in the next line) all begin with the same letter, Ayin
- Isaiah 17:2 Literally “there is not one who frightens”
- Isaiah 17:3 Literally “declaration of”
- Isaiah 17:5 Literally “a gathering of a reaper of”
- Isaiah 17:6 Literally “beating of an olive tree”
- Isaiah 17:6 Literally “declaration of”
- Isaiah 17:9 Literally “the cities of his fortress”
- Isaiah 17:9 Perhaps this difficult phrase originally read “abandonment of the wooded heights of the Amorites”
- Isaiah 17:10 Literally “plant it”
- Isaiah 17:11 Reading the same consonants as a verb, nad, rather than the noun ned, which would mean “a heap ofthe harvest”
- Isaiah 18:2 Literally “stretched out”
- Isaiah 18:2 Literally “peeled,” “wiped clean,” or “hairless”
- Isaiah 18:2 Literally “from this and beyond”
- Isaiah 18:2 Perhaps this is a gibberish phrase in Hebrew, qaw-qaw
- Isaiah 18:2 Meaning uncertain
- Isaiah 18:3 Literally “as a raising of a signal”
- Isaiah 18:3 Literally “as a blowing of a trumpet”
- Isaiah 18:4 The meaning of this phrase is uncertain; perhaps the “light” is sunlight
- Isaiah 18:5 Literally “as a completion of a blossom”
- Isaiah 18:6 Literally “be left together”
- Isaiah 18:6 Hebrew “bird”
- Isaiah 18:6 Hebrew “animal”
- Isaiah 18:6 Hebrew “bird”
- Isaiah 18:7 Perhaps tribute is meant
- Isaiah 18:7 Literally “stretched out”
- Isaiah 18:7 Literally “peeled,” “wiped clean,” or “hairless”
- Isaiah 19:2 Literally “Egypt”
- Isaiah 19:2 Literally “Egypt”
- Isaiah 19:3 Literally “Egypt”
- Isaiah 19:3 Literally “engulf”
- Isaiah 19:3 Hebrew “plan”
- Isaiah 19:4 Literally “Egypt”
- Isaiah 19:4 Literally “declaration of”
- Isaiah 19:7 Literally “there is none of it”
- Isaiah 19:8 Hebrew “fishhook”
- Isaiah 19:8 Hebrew “net”
- Isaiah 19:8 Literally “face”
- Isaiah 19:10 Literally “workers of wage”
- Isaiah 19:11 Literally “son”
- Isaiah 19:14 Literally “the staggering of a drunkard”
- Isaiah 19:15 Literally “not it will be for Egypt a deed which he can do”
- Isaiah 19:18 Literally “lip”
- Isaiah 19:20 Literally “contender”
- Isaiah 19:21 Hebrew “vow”
- Isaiah 20:1 Literally “of the coming of the commander in chief”
- Isaiah 20:2 Hebrew “sandal”
- Isaiah 20:3 Or “And”
- Isaiah 20:4 Hebrew “captive”
- Isaiah 20:4 Literally “and bare of buttocks”
- Isaiah 20:6 Hebrew “inhabitant”
- Isaiah 20:6 Literally “from the face of”
- Isaiah 21:1 Literally “to come”
- Isaiah 21:3 Literally “bent from hearing,” which could also mean “bent because of what I heard”
- Isaiah 21:3 Literally “dismayed from seeing,” which could also mean “dismayed because of what I saw”
- Isaiah 21:4 Literally “heart”
- Isaiah 21:4 Literally “of my desire”
- Isaiah 21:4 Literally “put”
- Isaiah 21:5 Hebrew “rug”
- Isaiah 21:5 That is, prepare with oil
- Isaiah 21:7 Or “And”
- Isaiah 21:7 Hebrew “rider”
- Isaiah 21:7 Hebrew “rider”
- Isaiah 21:7 Hebrew “donkey”
- Isaiah 21:7 Hebrew “rider”
- Isaiah 21:7 Hebrew “camel”
- Isaiah 21:7 Or “and”
- Isaiah 21:7 Literally “much”
- Isaiah 21:8 Or “And”
- Isaiah 21:8 Literally “lion”
- Isaiah 21:8 Literally “all of”
- Isaiah 21:9 Or “and”
- Isaiah 21:9 Hebrew “is”
- Isaiah 21:11 Literally “from”
- Isaiah 21:11 Literally “from”
- Isaiah 21:12 Literally “return come”
- Isaiah 21:13 Literally “in”
- Isaiah 21:13 The Hebrew for “in a desert-plateau” is the same as for “concerning Arabia” in the preceding line
- Isaiah 21:14 Literally “Toward encountering”
- Isaiah 21:16 Literally “In yet a year”
- Isaiah 21:17 Hebrew “bow”
- Isaiah 22:1 Literally “What to you then that you have gone”
- Isaiah 22:2 Literally “full of noises”
- Isaiah 22:3 Literally “your found ones”
- Isaiah 22:4 Literally “be bitter in weeping”
- Isaiah 22:5 These three Hebrew words are alliterative: mehûmâûmeḇûsâûmeḇûḵâ
- Isaiah 22:5 Hebrew “wall”
- Isaiah 22:5 Hebrew “mountain”
- Isaiah 22:6 Hebrew “chariot”
- Isaiah 22:6 Hebrew “man”
- Isaiah 22:7 Hebrew “chariot”
- Isaiah 22:8 Hebrew “weapon”
- Isaiah 22:11 Literally “its creator from far away”
- Isaiah 22:12 Literally “of”
- Isaiah 22:13 Hebrew “ox”
- Isaiah 22:16 Literally “to you”
- Isaiah 22:16 Literally “to you”
- Isaiah 22:17 Literally “hurl a hurling”
- Isaiah 22:18 Literally “land broad of sides”
- Isaiah 22:21 Hebrew “inhabitant”
- Isaiah 22:24 Literally “vessels of the bowls to all of the vessels of the jars”
- Isaiah 22:25 Literally “declaration of”
- Isaiah 23:1 Literally “it is destroyed from a house from entering”
- Isaiah 23:4 Or “I have brought”
- Isaiah 23:5 Literally “of”
- Isaiah 23:7 Literally “this to you, exultant”
- Isaiah 23:8 Hebrew “crown”
- Isaiah 23:10 Hebrew “waistband” is emended to “harbor” by transposing two consonants
- Isaiah 23:12 Literally “do again longer”
- Isaiah 23:12 Literally “virgin of the”
- Isaiah 23:13 Literally “this people was not Assyria destined,” which could be translated “It was this people! It was not Assyria. They destined”
- Isaiah 23:15 Hebrew “year”
- Isaiah 23:15 Hebrew “year”
- Isaiah 23:16 Hebrew “song”
- Isaiah 23:17 Hebrew “year”
- Isaiah 23:18 Literally “face”
- Isaiah 24:5 Hebrew “statute”
- Isaiah 24:6 Literally “he is left a man of smallness”
- Isaiah 24:10 Literally “from entering”
- Isaiah 24:11 Literally “evening”
- Isaiah 24:14 Hebrew “voice”
- Isaiah 24:16 Literally “wing”
- Isaiah 24:17 Hebrew “inhabitant”
- Isaiah 24:18 Literally “the middle of the pit”
- Isaiah 24:22 Literally “on”
- Isaiah 24:22 Literally “on”
- Isaiah 24:22 Literally “from”
- Isaiah 24:23 Literally “the mountain of Zion”
- Isaiah 25:1 Hebrew “thing”
- Isaiah 25:1 Hebrew “plan”
- Isaiah 25:1 Literally “from far away “
- Isaiah 25:2 Literally “placed”
- Isaiah 25:2 Literally “from”
- Isaiah 25:2 Literally “to eternity not”
- Isaiah 25:4 The same consonants with different vowels can be translated “winter rainstorm”
- Isaiah 25:6 Literally “feast of fat”
- Isaiah 25:7 Literally “engulf”
- Isaiah 25:8 Literally “engulf”
- Isaiah 25:10 Literally “the trampling down of a heap of straw”
- Isaiah 25:10 These words are in the written Hebrew text, but not in the reading tradition (Qere)
- Isaiah 25:11 Moab
- Isaiah 25:11 Meaning uncertain
- Isaiah 25:12 Literally “cause it to touch”
- Isaiah 26:1 Literally “a city of strength for us”
- Isaiah 26:1 Hebrew “rampart”
- Isaiah 26:2 Or “and”
- Isaiah 26:7 Literally “the level path of the righteous you make level”; the meaning of this phrase is uncertain
- Isaiah 26:9 Literally “to”
- Isaiah 26:13 Literally “alone in you we praise name you”
- Isaiah 26:16 Literally “whispering”
- Isaiah 26:19 Literally “my corpse;” some manuscripts propose an emendation to the suffix to change it to third person masculine plural (“their corpses”), which makes better sense
- Isaiah 26:19 Literally “dew of light”
- Isaiah 26:19 Or “you make the land of Rephaim fall”
- Isaiah 26:20 The reading tradition (Qere) is singular
- Isaiah 26:20 Literally “a little a little”
- Isaiah 26:21 Hebrew “inhabitant”
- Isaiah 27:3 Literally “by moments”
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