Bible in 90 Days
22 Do not say, “I will pay back evil!”
Wait for Adonai, so He may deliver You.
23 Unbalanced weights are detestable to Adonai,
and dishonest scales are wicked.
24 A man’s steps are directed by Adonai.
How then can anyone understand his own way?
25 It is a trap for one to say rashly, “It is holy!”
and only afterward to consider his vows.
26 A wise king winnows out the wicked.
He turns a threshing wheel over them.
27 The spirit of man is the lamp of Adonai,
searching all his inmost being.
28 Lovingkindness and truth preserve the king,
but his throne is upheld by lovingkindness.
29 The glory of young men is their strength,
and the splendor of old men is gray hair.
30 Blows that wound scour away evil,
and beatings purge the innermost being.
Adonai Weighs the Heart
21 A king’s heart is like a stream of water in the hand of Adonai;
he directs it wherever He wants.[a]
2 All a man’s ways seem right in his own eyes,
but Adonai weighs the heart.
3 To do righteousness and justice
is more acceptable to Adonai than sacrifice.
4 Haughty eyes and a proud heart—
the lamp of the wicked is sin.
5 Plans of the diligent surely lead to gain,
but all who are hasty come only to loss.
6 Getting treasures by a lying tongue
is like a fleeting vapor for those who seek death.
Violence and Ruin of the Wicked
7 The violence of the wicked sweeps them away,
because they refuse to act justly.
8 The way of the guilty is crooked,
but the conduct of the pure is upright.
9 It is better to live on a corner of a roof
than in a house shared
with a quarrelsome wife.
10 A wicked soul craves evil—
his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes.
11 When a mocker is punished, the naïve become wise.
When a wise person is instructed, he gains knowledge.
12 The righteous one considers the house of the wicked,
throwing the wicked down to their ruin.
13 Whoever shuts his ears to the cry of the poor,
will also cry out but not be answered.
14 A gift in secret soothes anger,
and a bribe given secretly, fierce rage.
15 Doing justice brings joy to the righteous,
and terror to those who do evil.
16 Whoever strays from the path of wisdom
ends up in the congregation of the dead.
17 Whoever loves pleasure becomes poor.
Whoever loves wine and oil will not be rich.
18 The wicked is a ransom for the righteous
and the faithless for the upright.
19 It is better to live in a desert land
than with a quarrelsome, worrisome wife.
20 Precious treasure and oil are in a wise person’s dwelling,
but a foolish person devours all he has.
21 Whoever pursues righteousness and mercy
finds life, prosperity and honor.
22 A wise person scales the city of warriors
and brings down the stronghold in which they trust.
23 Whoever guards his mouth and tongue
keeps his soul out of troubles.
24 A proud and haughty man
—Mocker is his name—
acts with overbearing pride.
25 A slacker’s craving will kill him,
because his hands refuse to work.
26 All day long he craves greedily,
yet the righteous one gives and does not hold back.
27 The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination—
how much more when he brings it with evil intent?
28 A false witness will perish,
but a man who hears will speak forever.
29 A wicked man puts on a bold face,
but the upright man considers his ways.
30 There is no wisdom,
there is no understanding,
there is no counsel—
against Adonai.
31 A horse is prepared for the day of battle,
but victory comes from Adonai.
22 A good name is to be chosen rather than great wealth,
and grace rather than silver or gold.
2 Rich and poor have this in common—
Adonai is the Maker of them all.
3 A crafty person sees danger and hides,
but the naïve keep going and suffer for it.
4 The reward of humility and fear of Adonai
is riches, honor and life.
5 Thorns and snares are in the path of the perverse,
but one who guards his soul stays far from them.
6 Train up a child in the way he should go,
when he is old he will not turn from it.
7 The rich rule over the poor,
the borrower is a slave to the lender.
8 One who sows injustice will reap trouble,
and the rod of his fury will perish.
9 One with a bountiful eye will be blessed,
for he shares his bread with the poor.
10 Throw out a scoffer and strife will go out,
quarreling and disgrace will cease.
11 One who loves purity of heart and whose speech is gracious,
will have the king as his friend.
12 The eyes of Adonai guard knowledge, but He undermines
the words of the faithless.
13 The slacker says, “There’s a lion outside!
I’ll be killed in the streets.”
14 The mouth of a seducing woman is a deep pit—
into it will fall one with whom Adonai is angry.
15 Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child,
but a rod of discipline will drive it far from him.
16 The one who oppresses the poor to increase his own gain,
and the one who gives to the rich—both end in poverty.
17 Incline your ear and listen to the words of the wise,
and apply your heart to my knowledge.
18 For it is delightful if you keep them
within you, ready on your lips.
19 So that your trust may be in Adonai,
I made them known to you this day, even you.
20 Have I not written to you thirty sayings
of admonition and knowledge,
21 to show you true and reliable words,
that you may give a true answer to those who sent you?
22 Do not rob a poor person because he is poor,
nor crush the needy at the gate,
23 for Adonai will plead their case,
and rob life from those who plunder them.
24 Do not be friends with one given to anger
or associate with a hot-tempered person,
25 lest you learn his ways,
and entangle your soul in a snare.
26 Do not be one who shakes hands
or puts up security for debts.
27 If you do not have enough to pay,
why should your bed be taken from under you?
28 Do not move an ancient boundary stone
which your fathers set up.
29 Do you see a man skilled in his work?
He will stand before kings.
He will not stand before obscure people.
Advice About Appetites
23 When you sit down to dine with a ruler,
consider carefully what is set before you,
2 and put a knife to your throat
if you possess a large appetite.
3 Do not crave his delicacies,
for that food is deceptive.
4 Do not wear yourself out to get rich.
Be wise enough to restrain yourself.
5 When you cast your eyes on riches, it is gone;
for it surely sprouts wings and flies off into the sky like an eagle.
6 Do not eat the food of a stingy person,
or desire his delicacies.
7 For as he thinks within himself, so is he.
“Eat and drink”, he says to you,
but his heart is not with you.
8 You will vomit up the morsel you ate,
and will waste your pleasant words.
9 Do not speak in the ears of a fool,
for he will disdain the wisdom of your words.
10 Do not move an ancient boundary stone,
or encroach on fields of the fatherless,
11 for their redeemer is strong.
He will plead their case against you.
12 Apply your heart to discipline
and your ears to words of knowledge.
13 Do not withhold correction from a child.
If you strike him with a rod, he will not die.
14 Punish him with a rod,
and deliver his soul from Sheol.
Wisdom’s Path to the Future
15 My son, if your heart is wise,
then my heart also will be glad.
16 Yes, my inmost being will rejoice
when your lips speak what is right.
17 Do not let your heart envy sinners,
but always be in the fear of Adonai.
18 For surely there is a future,
and your hope will never be cut off.
19 Listen, my son, and be wise,
and guide your heart in the right way.
20 Do not join those drinking too much wine
or gorging on meat,
21 for both drunkards and gluttons will be impoverished—
grogginess will clothe them with rags.
22 Listen to your father who begot you
and do not despise your mother when she is old.
23 Acquire truth and do not sell it,
acquire wisdom, instruction and understanding.
24 The father of a righteous one rejoices greatly.
Whoever fathers a wise child delights in him.
25 Let your father and your mother be glad,
let she who bore you rejoice!
26 My son, give your heart to me,
and let your eyes observe my ways.
27 For a prostitute is a deep pit,
an adulterous woman is a narrow pit.
28 Indeed, she lies in wait like a robber,
and increases the unfaithful among men.
Lingering Long Over Wine
29 Who has woe? Who has sorrow?
Who has fights? Who has complaining?
Who has bruises for no reason?
Who has red eyes?
30 Those who linger long over wine,
who go looking for mixed wine.
31 Do not gaze at wine when it is red,
when it sparkles in the cup,
when it glides down smoothly.
32 In the end it bites like a serpent
and stings like a viper.
33 Your eyes will see strange things.
Your heart will utter perverse things.
34 Then you will be like one lying down in the heart of the sea,
or sprawled on the top of a mast.
35 “They hit me! But I was not hurt.
They beat me up! But I did not feel it.
When will I wake up?
I will look for another drink.”
24 Do not envy evil people,
or desire to be with them,
2 for their hearts contemplate violence,
and their lips speak mischief.
Strength Through Wise Counsel
3 By wisdom a house is built,
by understanding it is prepared,
4 and by knowledge its rooms are filled
with every rare and pleasing treasure.
5 A wise man is strong,
and a man of knowledge
becomes even stronger.
6 For with wise advice you wage war
and in many counselors there is victory.
7 Wisdom is unattainable for a fool—
he does not open his mouth at the gate.
8 One who plots evil will be called a schemer.
9 A foolish scheme is sin,
and people detest a mocker.
Counsel on Friendship
10 If you falter in a day of adversity,
your strength is small.
11 Rescue those being dragged off to death,
hold back those stumbling to slaughter.
12 If you say, “Look, we didn’t know this.”
Won’t He who weighs hearts perceive it?
Won’t He who guards your soul know it?
Won’t He repay each one according to his deeds?[b]
13 Eat honey, my son, for it is good,
and honeycomb is sweet to your taste.
14 Likewise know that wisdom is sweet to your soul.
If you find it, there will be a future, and your hope will not be cut off.
15 Do not lurk like the wicked near the dwelling of the righteous.
Do not assault his home.
16 For though the righteous one may fall seven times,
he gets up again, but the wicked stumble in adversity.
17 Do not rejoice when your enemy falls,
or let your heart be glad when he stumbles,
18 or Adonai may see it as evil in His eyes,
and turn His wrath away from him.
19 Do not be upset because of evil people,
or be envious of the wicked,
20 for the evil person has no future,
and the lamp of the wicked will be snuffed out.
21 My son, fear Adonai and the king,[c]
and do not associate with rebels.
22 For their destruction will arise suddenly,
and who knows the ruin both Adonai and the king can bring?
23 These sayings are also from the wise:
Partiality in judgment is not good.
24 Whoever tells the guilty,
“You are innocent,” people curse him and nations revile him.
25 But for those who convict the guilty there will be delight—
good blessing will come upon them.
26 An honest answer
is like a kiss on the lips.
27 Finish your outdoor work
and get your fields ready.
After that, build your house.
28 Do not be a witness against your neighbor without cause,
and do not deceive with your lips.
29 Do not say, “I will do to him what he has done to me;
I will pay him back for his deed!”[d]
Lesson of the Lazy
30 I passed by the field of the slacker,
by the vineyard of one lacking judgment.
31 Surprisingly, it was all overgrown with thorns,
the ground was covered with weeds,
and its stone wall was broken down.
32 Then I took to heart what I observed
and learned a lesson from what I saw:
33 “A little sleep, a little slumber,
a little folding of the hands to sleep,”
34 then your poverty comes tramping in,
and your need like an armed soldier.
The Glory of Searching a Matter
25 These also are proverbs of Solomon, which the men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied:
2 It is the glory of God to conceal a matter
and the glory of kings to search it out.
3 As high as heaven and deep as earth,
so the hearts of kings are unsearchable.
4 Remove impurities from silver
and out comes material for the refiner.
5 Remove the wicked from before the king,
and his throne will be established in righteousness.
6 Do not honor yourself in the king’s presence,
and do not stand in the place of great men.
7 Better for him to say to you, “Come up here,”
than for you to be humiliated before a nobleman.
What your eyes have seen,
8 do not bring hastily to court,
or what will you do afterward,
when your neighbor puts you to shame?
9 Argue your case with your associate,
without betraying another’s confidence,
10 or the one who hears it will shame you,
and you will never lose your bad reputation.
A Fitting Reproof is Precious
11 Like apples of gold in settings of silver
is a word aptly spoken.
12 Like a gold earring or a gold ornament
is a wise reproof to a receptive ear.
13 Like the coolness of snow at harvest time
is a faithful messenger to those who send him
for he refreshes his master’s soul.
14 Like clouds and wind without rain
is one who boasts about a gift not given.
15 Through patience a ruler may be persuaded,
and a soft tongue can break a bone.
Proverbs for Daily Life
16 When you find honey, eat just enough,
lest you are stuffed and vomit it.
17 Seldom set foot in your neighbor’s house,
lest he become weary of you and loathe you.
18 Like a club, a sword, or a sharp arrow
is one who bears false witness against his neighbor.
19 Like a broken tooth or a lame foot
is confidence in the unfaithful in time of trouble.
20 Like taking off a garment on a cold day
or like vinegar poured on soda,
is one who sings songs to a heavy heart.
21 If your enemy is hungry, give him bread to eat,
and if he is thirsty, give him water to drink,
22 for you will heap coals of fire on his head[e]
and Adonai will reward you.
23 A north wind brings rain,
and a backbiting tongue angry faces.
24 Better to dwell in a corner of a roof
than share a house with a quarrelsome wife.
25 Like cold water to a weary soul
is good news from a distant land.
26 Like a muddied spring or a polluted well
is a righteous person who yields before the wicked.
27 It is not good to eat too much honey,
or honorable to seek one’s own honor.
28 Like a city whose walls are broken down
is one with no control over his temper.
Folly of Fools
26 Like snow in summer or rain at harvest,
so honor is not fitting for a fool.
2 Like a fluttering sparrow or a flying swallow,
so an undeserved curse does not land.
3 A whip for a horse, a bridle for a donkey,
and a rod for the back of fools.
4 Do not answer a fool according to his folly,
else you also will be like him.
5 Answer a fool according to his folly,
else he will be wise in his own eyes.
6 Like cutting off one’s feet or drinking violence
is sending a message by a fool’s hand.
7 Like a lame man’s legs that hang limp,
so is a proverb in a fool’s mouth.
8 Like tying a stone into a sling,
so is giving honor to a fool.
9 Like a thorn bush in a drunkard’s hand
is a proverb in a fool’s mouth.
10 Like an archer who wounds at random
is one who hires a fool or any passer-by.
11 Like a dog that returns to its vomit,
so a fool repeats his folly.[f]
12 Do you see one wise in his own eyes?
There is more hope for a fool than him.
Folly of Slackers
13 A slacker says,
“There’s a lion on the road!
A lion is in the streets!”
14 As a door turns on its hinges
so a slacker turns on his bed.
15 The slacker plunges his hand in the dish—
he is too tired to bring it back to his mouth.
16 A slacker is wiser in his own eyes
than seven people who answer sensibly.
Folly of Lashon Ha-Ra
17 Like one who takes a dog by the ears
is a passer-by who meddles in a quarrel not his own.
18 Like a madman shooting firebrands and deadly arrows
19 so is one who deceives his friend, and says, “I was only joking.”
20 Without wood a fire goes out;
without gossip quarrels cease.
21 As coals are to embers and wood to fire,
so is a contentious person to kindling strife.
22 A gossip’s words are like tasty morsels—
they slide down into the innermost parts of the body.
23 Like silver glaze overlaying earthenware
are fervent[g] lips with an evil heart.
24 One who hates, disguises it with his lips,
but he stores up deceit within him.
25 When he speaks favorably, do not believe him,
for there are seven abominations in his heart.
26 Though his hatred may be concealed
by deceit, his evil will be exposed before the assembly.
27 Whoever digs a pit will fall in it,
and whoever rolls a stone—it will come back upon him.
28 A lying tongue hates those crushed by it,
and a flattering mouth causes ruin.
Do Not Boast
27 Do not boast about tomorrow,
for you do not know what a day may bring.[h]
2 Let another praise you and not your own mouth,
a stranger and not your own lips.
3 A stone is heavy and sand a burden,
but provocation by a fool is heavier than both.
4 Wrath is cruel and anger is overwhelming,
but who can stand before jealousy?
5 Better is open rebuke than hidden love.
6 Faithful are the wounds of a friend,
but excessive the kisses of an enemy.
7 One who is full loathes honeycomb,
but to one who is hungry every bitter thing is sweet.
8 Like a bird that strays from its nest
is a man that wanders from his home.
Iron Sharpens Iron
9 As ointment and perfume gladden the heart,
so the sweetness of one’s friend comes from his sincere counsel.
10 Do not forsake your friend, or your father’s friend,
nor go to your brother’s house in the day of your disaster—
better a neighbor nearby than a brother far off.
11 Be wise, my son, make my heart glad,
so I may answer anyone who taunts me.
12 The prudent see danger and hide,
but the naïve keep going and pay the penalty.
13 Take a man’s garment, who puts up security for a stranger,
and hold it in pledge, as security for a seductive woman.
14 If someone blesses his friend with a loud voice early in the morning,
it will be taken as a curse.
15 Continual dripping on a day of steady rain
and a contentious wife are alike—
16 hiding her is like hiding the wind or grasping oil with the right hand.
17 As iron sharpens iron,
so a person sharpens the countenance of his friend.
18 Whoever tends a fig tree will eat its fruit,
whoever takes care of his master will be honored.
19 As water reflects the face,
so a person’s heart reflects the person.
20 Sheol and Abaddon are never satisfied,
and neither are the eyes of man.
21 A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold,
but a person is proved by the praise he receives.
22 Even if you pound the fool along with the grain in a mortar with a pestle,
his foolishness would never leave him.
23 Know well the condition of your flocks,
pay attention to your herds,
24 for riches are not forever,
nor a crown from generation to generation.
25 When hay is removed and grass appears,
and grain from the hills is gathered in,
26 lambs will provide you with clothing,
and goats with the price of a field.
27 There will be enough goats’ milk for food
and food for your household,
and sustenance for your maidservants.
Confidence, Discernment, Integrity
28 The wicked flee when no one is pursuing,
but the righteous are as bold as a lion.
2 When a country is in rebellion, it has many rulers,
but a man of discernment and knowledge maintains order.
3 A poor man who oppresses the weak
is like pounding rain without food.
4 Those who forsake Torah praise the wicked,
but those who keep Torah stir them up.
5 Evil men do not understand justice,
but those who seek Adonai understand it fully.
6 Better the poor who walks in his integrity
than the rich whose ways are crooked.
7 He who keeps Torah is a discerning son,
but a companion of gluttons disgraces his father.
8 Whoever increases his wealth by exorbitant interest,
gathers it for one kinder to the poor.
9 One who turns his ear from hearing Torah
—even his prayer is an abomination.
10 One who leads the upright astray along an evil path
will fall into his own pit,
but the blameless will inherit good.
11 A rich person is wise in his own eyes,
but a discerning poor person sees through him.
12 When the righteous triumph there is great glory,
but when the wicked rise to power, people hide.
13 One who covers up his transgressions will not prosper,
but whoever confesses and forsakes them finds mercy.
14 Blessed is one who is always cautious,
but whoever hardens his heart will fall into trouble.
15 Like a roaring lion or a prowling bear
is a wicked ruler over helpless people.
16 An oppressive leader lacks judgment.
One who hates unjust gain will prolong his life.
17 A man tormented by the guilt of murder
flees to the Pit—let no one support him.
18 Whoever walks blamelessly will be safe,
but whoever is perverse in his ways will fall suddenly.
Wisdom About Finances
19 Whoever works his land will be satisfied with food,
but whoever chases fantasies will have his fill of poverty.
20 A faithful man will have many blessings,
but one eager to get rich will not go unpunished.
21 To show partiality is not good—
yet for a piece of bread a man may do wrong.
22 A stingy man[i] chases after riches,
but does not know that poverty will overtake him.
23 One who rebukes a man will in the end find more favor
than one with a flattering tongue.
24 Whoever robs his father or his mother, and says, “It’s not a crime,”
is a partner to him who destroys.
25 A greedy soul stirs up strife,
but one who trusts in Adonai prospers.
26 Whoever trusts in his own heart is a fool,
but he who walks in wisdom will escape.
27 One who gives to the poor will not lack,
but one who shuts his eyes will have many curses.
28 When the wicked rise to power, people hide,
but when they perish, the righteous increase.
29 One who remains stiff-necked after many rebukes
will suddenly be destroyed—without remedy.
2 When the righteous thrive, people rejoice.
When the wicked rule, people groan.
3 Whoever loves wisdom brings joy to his father,
but a companion of prostitutes squanders his wealth.
4 By justice a king brings stability to a land,
but one who takes bribes brings it ruin.
5 A man who flatters his neighbor
spreads a net for his feet.
6 In an evil man’s wrongdoing is a trap,
but the righteous sings and rejoices.
7 A righteous person considers justice for the poor.
The wicked one has no such concern.
8 Mockers incite a city,
but wise men turn away anger.
9 If a wise man argues with a foolish man,
he rants or laughs, with no resolution.
10 Bloodthirsty people hate a man of integrity
and seek the soul of the upright.
11 A fool gives full vent to his temper,
but a wise man holds it back.
12 If a ruler listens to lies,
all his servants will be wicked.
13 The poor man and the oppressor have this in common:
Adonai gives light to the eyes of both.
14 If a king judges the poor with truth,
his throne will always be secure.
15 A rod and reproof give wisdom,
but a child left to himself disgraces his mother.
16 When the wicked thrive, wrongdoing increases,
but the righteous will see their downfall.
17 Correct your son and he will give you rest.
He will bring delight to your soul.
18 Where there is no divine vision people cast off restraint,
but blessed is the one who keeps Torah.
19 A servant cannot be corrected by words,
for though he understands, he will not respond.
20 Do you see someone hasty in his words?
There is more hope for a fool than him.
21 If someone pampers his slave from childhood
in the end he will be ungrateful.
22 An angry man stirs up dissention,
and a hotheaded one commits many transgressions.
23 A man’s pride will bring him low,
but a humble spirit will gain honor.
24 An accomplice of a thief is his own enemy.
He hears the oath but says nothing.
25 Fear of man will prove to be a snare,
but one who trusts in Adonai will be kept safe.
26 Many seek an audience with a ruler,
but from Adonai one receives justice.
27 The righteous detest the unjust,
and the wicked detest the upright.
What is The Name of His Son?
30 The words of Agur son of Jakeh—
an oracle this man declared to Ithiel, to Ithiel and to Ucal:
2 “Surely I am more stupid than any man
and do not have a man’s understanding.
3 I have not learned wisdom,
nor have I knowledge of the Holy One.
4 Who has gone up into heaven, and come down?[j]
Who has gathered the wind in the palm of His hand?
Who has wrapped the waters in a cloak?
Who has established all the ends of the earth?
What is his name and what is the name of His son—if you know?”[k]
5 Every word of God is purified.
He is a shield to those who take refuge in Him.
6 Do not add to His words,
or else He will rebuke You and prove you a liar.
7 Two things I ask of You—
do not refuse me before I die:
8 Keep falsehood and lies far from me.
Give me neither poverty nor riches,
but feed me with my allotted bread,[l]
9 lest I become satisfied and deny You
and say, “Who is Adonai?”
Or lest I become poor, and steal
and profane the Name of my God.
A Filthy, Haughty Generation
10 Do not slander a servant to his master,
or he will curse you, and you pay for it.
11 There is a generation that curses its father
and does not bless its mother.
12 There is a generation that is pure in its own eyes,
and yet is not cleansed from its filth.
13 There is a generation whose eyes are so haughty,
whose eyelids are lifted up disdainfully.
14 There is a generation whose teeth are swords
and whose molars are knives,
to devour the poor from the earth
and the needy from among humanity.
15 The leech has two daughters: “Give! Give!”
Three things are never satisfied, four never say, “Enough!”—
16 Sheol, a barren womb,
land that is not satisfied with water,
and fire that never says, “Enough!”
17 The eye that mocks a father and scorns obeying a mother—
will be pecked out by ravens of the valley
and eaten by young vultures!
18 Three things are too amazing for me,
four I do not understand:
19 the way of an eagle in the sky,
the way of a serpent upon a rock,
the way of a ship in the heart of the sea,
and the way of a man with a maiden.
20 Such is the way of an adulteress:
she eats, wipes her mouth and says,
“I have done nothing wrong.”
21 Under three things the earth trembles,
and under four it cannot bear up:
22 under a slave when he becomes a king,
a fool when he is stuffed with food,
23 an unloved woman when she is married,
and a handmaid when she displaces her mistress.
Lessons from Creatures
24 Four things on earth are small,
yet they are exceedingly wise:
25 ants are creatures with little strength,
yet they store up their food in summer;
26 coneys are creatures with little power,
yet they make their homes in the cliffs;
27 locusts have no king,
yet they advance together in ranks;
28 a lizard you can catch with the hand,
yet it is found in kings’ palaces.
29 Three things are stately in their stride,
four that move with stately bearing:
30 a lion, mighty among beasts,
who never backs down from anything;
31 a strutting rooster, a male-goat,
and a king with his army around him.
32 If you have acted foolishly, exalting yourself,
or if you have planned evil,
put your hand over your mouth.
33 For as churning milk produces butter,
and twisting the nose produces blood,
so stirring up anger produces strife.
A Mother’s Warning
31 The words of King Lemuel, an oracle that his mother taught him:
2 O my son, O son of my womb,
O son of my vows,
3 do not give your vigor to women,
or your ways to what ruins kings.
4 It is not for kings, O Lemuel,
it is not for kings to drink wine,
or for rulers to crave strong drink,
5 lest they drink, forget what is decreed,
and pervert justice for all the oppressed.
6 Give strong drink to one who is dying,
and wine to those who are bitterly distressed—
7 let him drink, forget his poverty,
and remember his misery no more.
8 Open your mouth on behalf of those unable to speak,
for the justice of all who are destitute.
9 Open your mouth, judge righteously,
plead the cause of the poor and needy.
A Woman of Valor
10 An accomplished woman who can find?
Her value is far beyond rubies.
11 Her husband’s heart trusts in her,
and he lacks nothing valuable.
12 She brings him good and not harm
all the days of her life.
13 She selects wool and flax
and her hands work willingly.
14 She is like merchant ships,
bringing her sustenance from afar.
15 She rises while it is still night
and provides food for her household
and portions for her servant girls.
16 She considers a field and buys it.
From the fruit of her hands she plants a vineyard.
17 She girds herself with strength
and invigorates her arms.
18 She discerns that her business is good.
Her lamp never goes out at night.
19 She extends her hands to the spindle
and her palm grasps the spinning wheel.
20 She spreads out her palms to the poor,
and extends her hands to the needy.
21 She is not afraid of snow for her house,
for her whole household is clothed in scarlet wool.
22 She makes her own luxurious coverings.
Her clothing is fine linen and purple.
23 Her husband is respected at the city gates,
when he sits among the elders of the land.
24 She makes linen garments and sells them
and supplies sashes to the merchants.
25 Strength and dignity are her clothing,
and she laughs at the days to come.
26 She opens her mouth with wisdom—
a lesson of kindness is on her tongue.
27 She watches over the affairs of her household,
and does not eat the bread of idleness.
28 Her children arise and bless her,
her husband also praises her:
29 “Many daughters have excelled,
but you surpass them all.”
30 Charm is deceitful and beauty is vain,
but a woman who fears Adonai will be praised.
31 Give her the fruit of her hands.
Let her deeds be her praise at the gates.
Job and His Children
1 There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job. Now that man was blameless and upright; he feared God and shunned evil. 2 He had seven sons and three daughters 3 and his possessions were 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen and 500 female donkeys, and a very large household. That man was the greatest of all the people of the East.
4 Now it was customary for his sons to hold a banquet, each on his own day in his own house. They would send to invite their three sisters to eat and drink with them. 5 When the round of banquet days was completed, Job would send for them and consecrate them. He would rise early in the morning and offer burnt offerings, according to the number of them all. For Job said, “Perhaps my children have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” Thus Job did everyday.
The Adversary Tests Job
6 One day the sons of God came to present themselves before Adonai, and the satan[m] also came with them. 7 Adonai said to the satan, “Where have you come from?”
The satan responded to Adonai and said, “From roaming the earth and from walking on it.”[n]
8 Adonai said to the satan, “Did you notice my servant Job? There is no one like him on the earth—a blameless and upright man, who fears God and spurns evil.”
9 Then the satan responded to Adonai, saying, “Does Job fear God for nothing? 10 Have you not made a hedge around him, his household, and everything he has? You have blessed the work of his hands and his possessions have increased in the land. 11 But now, stretch out Your hand and strike everything he has, and he will certainly curse You to Your face!”
12 Then Adonai said to the satan, “Everything he has is in your hand. Only do not extend your hand against him!” So the satan departed from the presence of Adonai.
13 One day when his sons and daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother’s house, 14 a messenger came to Job, saying, “The oxen were plowing and the donkeys were grazing near them, 15 when the Sabeans attacked and carried them off. They also killed the servants with the edge of the sword—I alone escaped to tell you!”
16 While this one was still speaking another came in and said, “The fire of God has fallen from heaven and has burned up the sheep and servants—it has consumed them, and I—I alone—escaped to tell you!”
17 While this one was still speaking another came in and said, “The Chaldeans formed three bands and raided the camels and took them all away. They also killed the servants with the edge of the sword, and I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!”
18 While this one was still speaking another came in and said, “Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine at their oldest brother’s house 19 when suddenly a mighty wind came from beyond the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and it collapsed on the young people and they died. And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!”
20 Then Job got up, tore his robe, shaved his head, fell to the ground and worshiped. 21 Then he said:
“Naked I came from my mother’s womb,
and naked I will return there.
Adonai gave and Adonai has taken away;
blessed be the Name of Adonai.”
22 Through all this, Job did not sin nor did he cast reproach on God.
Affliction of the Body
2 Again the day came when the sons of God came to present themselves before Adonai, and the satan also arrived among them to present himself before Adonai. 2 Adonai said to him, “Where are you coming from?”
The satan answered Adonai, “From roaming the earth and from walking on it.”
3 Then Adonai said to the satan, “Have you noticed My servant Job? For there is no one like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, who fears God and spurns evil. And he still holds firmly to his integrity, though you incited Me against him to ruin him without any reason.”
4 The satan replied to Adonai saying, “Skin for skin! A man will give up all he has for his own life. 5 But now, stretch out Your hand and strike his bone and his flesh, and he will certainly curse You to Your face!”
6 Adonai said to the satan, “Very well, he is in your hand—only spare his life!”
7 So the satan departed from the presence of Adonai, and afflicted Job with painful boils, from the sole of his foot to the top of his head. 8 He took a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself while he was sitting among the ashes.
9 Then his wife said to him, “Are you still holding firmly to your integrity? Curse God and die!”
10 He said to her, “You speak as any foolish woman would speak. Should we accept the good from God and not accept the bad?”
Through all this Job did not sin with his lips.
Three Friends Sit Shiva
11 When Job’s three friends heard about all this calamity that had come upon him, each of them came from his own place—Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite. They met together to come and mourn with him and to comfort him. 12 But when they saw him from a distance they did not recognize him, and they raised their voices and wept. Each one tore his robe and threw dust into the air onto their heads. 13 Then they sat with him on the ground for seven days and seven nights. No one spoke a word to him because they saw that his pain was very great.
Job Curses His Own Birth
3 After this, Job opened his mouth and cursed his day. 2 Then Job answered and said:
3 “May the day I was born perish,
and the night that said,
‘A man is conceived!’
4 That day—may it be darkness;
may God above not regard it;
may no light shine on it.
5 May darkness and deep gloom reclaim it;
may a cloud settle over it;
may whatever blackens the day terrify it.
6 That night—may thick darkness seize it;
may it not be included among the days of the year,
nor be entered among the number of months.
7 Indeed, may that night be barren;
may no joyful shout enter it.
8 May those who curse, curse the day—
those ready to awaken Leviathan.
9 May its morning stars be darkened;
may it hope for light but have none—
may it never see the eyelids of dawn.
10 For it did not shut the doors of the womb on me,
nor did it hide trouble from my eyes.
11 Why did I not die at birth
and expire as I exited the womb?
12 Why did the knees welcome me,
and breasts that I might nurse?
13 For now I would be lying down and quiet;
I would be asleep and at rest
14 with kings and counselors of the earth,
who built for themselves places now desolate,
15 with princes who had gold,
who filled their houses with silver.
16 Or why was I not hidden like a stillborn,
like infants who never saw light?
17 There the wicked cease from turmoil,
and there the weary are at rest.
18 Prisoners are at ease together;
they do not hear the voice of the taskmaster.
19 Small and great are there;
and slave is free from his master.
20 Why is light given to one who suffers
and life to the bitter of soul,
21 to those who long for death, but it does not come,
who dig for it more than for hidden treasures,
22 who are filled with gladness
and rejoice when finding the grave?
23 Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden,
and whom God has hedged in?
24 For my sighing comes instead of my bread,
and my groans pour out like water.
25 For the thing I dreaded has come upon me,
and what I feared has happened to me.
26 I have no ease, no quietness;
I have no rest, but turmoil came.”
Eliphaz: God is Righteous
4 Then Eliphaz the Temanite responded and said:
2 “If one attempts a word with you, will you become impatient?
But who can keep from speaking?
3 Behold, you have instructed many;
you have strengthened weak hands.
4 Your words have supported those who stumbled,
and strengthened buckling knees.
5 Yet now it has come to you,
and you are discouraged;
it strikes you,
and you are dismayed.
6 Is not your piety your confidence,
the integrity of your ways your hope?
7 Reflect now:
Who, being innocent, ever perished?
And where were the upright destroyed?
8 As I have seen, those who plow iniquity
and sow harm, reap them.[o]
9 By the breath[p] of God they perish;
by the blast of His anger they vanish.[q]
10 The lion may roar and the cub growl,
but the teeth of young lions are broken.
11 The mighty lion perishes for lack of prey
and the lioness’ cubs are scattered.
Testimony of an Accusing Spirit
12 Now a word was secretly brought to me,
and my ear caught a whisper of it.
13 Amid unsettling visions in the night,
when a deep sleep falls on men,
14 dread and trembling seized me,
and made my bones shake.
15 Then a spirit brushed over my face,
and the hair of my flesh stood on end.
16 It stood still,
but I could not recognize its appearance,
A form was before my eyes
and I heard a murmur, a voice:
17 ‘Can a mortal be righteous before God;
or a man pure before his Creator?
18 If He puts no trust in His servants
and accuses His angels of error,
19 how much more those
who dwell in houses of clay,
whose foundation is in the dust,
who are crushed before the moth?
20 From morning until evening they are beaten into pieces—
unnoticed, they perish forever.
21 Is not their tent cord pulled out,
so that they die without wisdom.’”
Eliphaz: God is Correcting You
5 “Cry out now! Will anyone answer you?
To which of the holy ones will you turn?
2 For resentment kills a fool,
and envy slays the simple.
3 I myself have seen a fool taking root,
but suddenly I cursed his dwelling.
4 His sons are far from safety,
and crushed at the gate without a deliverer!
5 The hungry consumes his harvest,
taking it even from among thorns,
and the thirsty pants after their wealth.
6 For evil does not come from the dust,
nor does trouble sprout from the ground.
7 Yet man is born for trouble,
as surely as sparks fly upward.
8 But as for me, I would seek God;
I would lay my cause before God.
9 Who does great things beyond comprehension,
wonders without number.
10 Who gives rain to the earth
and sends water over the plains.
11 Who places the lowly on high
and lifts mourners to salvation.
12 Who frustrates the plans of the crafty,
so that their hands attain no success.
13 Who catches the clever in their craftiness,
and thwarts the plan of the cunning.
14 By day they encounter darkness
and grope at noon as if it were night.
15 But He saves the needy from the sword of their mouth,
and from the clutches of the mighty.
16 So the helpless have hope
and injustice shuts its mouth.
17 Behold, happy is the one whom God corrects,
so do not despise the discipline of Shaddai.
18 For He inflicts pain, but He also binds up;
He injures, yet His hands also heal.
19 From six calamities He will deliver you,
even in seven, no harm will touch you.
20 In famine, He will redeem you from death,
and in war, from the power of the sword.
21 You will be hidden from the lash of the tongue,
and not fear when violence comes.
22 You will laugh at violence and famine,
and will not fear the beasts of the earth.
23 For you will have a covenant with the stones of the field,
and the beasts of the field will be at peace with you.
24 You will know shalom in your tent,
and you will take stock of your home
and find nothing missing.
25 “You will know that
your descendants will be numerous
your offspring like the grass of the earth.
26 You will come to the grave in vigor,
like sheaves of grain in its season.
27 Behold, we have investigated this—it is true.
Hear it, and apply it to yourself!”
Job Cries For Justice
6 Job responded and said:
2 “If only my grief could be weighed
and my calamity placed on the scales.
3 For it outweighs the sands of the sea;
that is why my words have been rash.
4 For the arrows of Shaddai are in me,
my spirit drinks in their poison;
God’s terrors line up against me.
5 Does a wild donkey bray over fresh grass
or an ox bellow over his fodder?
6 Is something bland eaten without salt,
is there taste in the white of an egg?
7 My soul refuses to touch them;
they are like sickening food to me.
8 Oh that my request would be realized,
that God would grant my hope;
9 that God would be willing to crush me,
to release His hand, and cut me off!
10 Then I would still be comforted,
even rejoice in spite of unrelenting pain,
for I have not denied the words of the Holy One.
11 “What is my strength,
that I should hope?
What is my end,
that I should endure?
12 Is my strength the strength of rock?
Is my flesh bronze?
13 Is there no help within me;
has not success been banished from me?
14 “A despairing person should have the kindness of his friend,
even if he forsakes the fear of Shaddai.
15 My brothers have acted deceptively,
as a seasonal stream,
as a torrential stream that overflows
16 when darkened by thawing ice,
and obscured by snow,
17 but when they are scorched, they dry up,
and in the heat, they vanish from their place.
18 Caravans turn aside from their course;
they go up into the wasteland and perish.
19 The caravans of Tema looked intently,
the travelers of Sheba hoped for them.
20 They were distressed because they had been confident;
they came so far and were disappointed.
21 “Indeed, now you have become nothing;
you see a terror and are afraid.
22 Have I ever said, ‘Give to me’
or ‘Pay a bribe for me from your wealth’
23 or ‘Save me from the enemy’s hand’
or ‘Redeem me from a ruthless hand’?
24 “Teach me, and I will be silent;
explain to me how I have been wrong.
25 Honest words are painful,
but what does your arguing prove?
26 Do you intend to correct my words,
and treat the words of
a despairing man as wind?
27 Would you cast lots for an orphan,
and barter over your friend?
28 “Now be so kind as to look at me;
I will not lie to your face.
29 Relent, do not be unjust;
reconsider, for my righteousness is in it.
30 Is injustice on my tongue?
Can my palate not discern evil?”
Futility of Days
7 “Does not man have hard labor on earth?
Are not his days like those of a hired laborer?
2 Like a slave longing for the shadow,
or a hired man waiting for his pay,
3 so I have inherited months of futility,
and nights of distress have been appointed to me.
4 When I lay down I say, “When will I rise?”
The night drags on, and I toss until the day dawns.
5 My flesh is clothed with maggots and clods of dirt;
My skin is broken and festering.
6 My days fly faster than a weaver’s shuttle
and come to an end without hope.
7 Remember, my life is but a breath;
my eyes will not see goodness again!
8 The eye that sees me now will see me no more;
your eyes will be on me, but I will be no more.
9 As a cloud vanishes and is gone,
so one descending into Sheol does not come up;
10 he will never return to his house,
his place does not know him.
11 “So I will not keep silent;
I will speak in the distress of my spirit,
I will complain in bitterness of soul.
12 Am I a sea, or a monster of the deep
that You have set a watch over me?
13 When I say, ‘My bed will comfort me,
my couch will ease my complaint,’
14 then You frighten me with dreams,
and terrify me with visions,
15 so that my soul prefers strangulation,
and my bones death.
16 I despise it; I would not live forever.
Leave me alone, for my days are a vapor.
17 “What is mankind,
that You magnify him,
that You set Your heart on him,
18 that You visit him every morning,
and test him in every moment?
19 Will You never look away from me,
or let me alone until I swallow my spittle?
20 Have I sinned—
what have I done to You,
O watcher of men?
Why have You set me as Your target?
Have I become a burden to You?
21 Why do You not pardon my transgression,
and take away my iniquity?
For now I will lie down in the dust,
and You will search for me,
but I will be gone.”
Bildad: God Restores the Righteous
8 Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said:
2 “How long will you say these things?
The words of your mouth are like a mighty wind.
3 Does God pervert justice?
Does Shaddai pervert justice?
4 If your children sinned against Him,
He handed them over to their rebellion.
5 If you would seek God
and plead with Shaddai,
6 if you are pure and upright,
even now He will awaken for you
and restore your righteous abode.
7 And though your beginning was small,
your future would flourish.
8 Now ask the previous generation;
consider the findings of their fathers;
9 for we were born yesterday
and know nothing,
and our days on earth are but a shadow.
10 Will they not teach you and tell you?
Will they not bring forth words from their hearts?
11 “Can papyrus grow tall without a marsh?
Can reeds flourish without water?
12 When still in bloom and uncut,
it withers more quickly than other grass.
13 Such are the ways of all who forget God;
the hope of the godless perishes—
14 whose confidence is snapped off,
his trust is a spider’s web.
15 He leans against his house but it does not stand,
He holds fast to it, but it does not hold up.
16 He is a well-watered plant in the sun,
spreading his shoots over his garden;
17 he entwines his roots around a heap of stones,
and looks for a place between the rocks.
18 If he is uprooted from his place,
it denies him saying, ‘I never saw you.’
19 Such is his joyous course,
and from the earth others spring up.
20 Surely God does not spurn the blameless
or strengthen the hand of evildoers.
21 He will yet fill your mouth with laughter
and your lips with shouts of joy.
22 Those who hate you will be clothed with shame.
The tent of the wicked will be no more!”
Job: Who is Righteous Before God?
9 Job responded and said:
2 “Truly I know it is so,
but how can one be righteous before God?[r]
3 If anyone wished to contend with Him,
he could not answer Him once in a thousand.
4 He is wise in heart and mighty in strength.
Who has resisted Him and come out whole?
5 “He who moves mountains,
yet they do not know it,
who overthrows them in His anger;
6 who shakes the earth from its place
until its pillars tremble;
7 who speaks to the sun so it does not rise,
and seals up the stars;
8 He alone spreads out the heavens,
and treads on the waves of the sea;
9 He makes the Bear, Orion and Pleiades,
and the constellations of the south;
10 He does great and unfathomable things,
wonders beyond number.
11 If He were to pass by me,
I would not see Him!
Were He to move past me,
I would not perceive Him.
12 If He were to snatch away,
who could restrain Him?
Who could say to Him,
‘What are You doing?’
13 “God does not restrain His anger;
under Him the helpers of Rahab cower.
14 How then can I answer Him
or choose my words with Him?
15 Even if I were right, I would not answer;
I would implore the mercy of my Judge.
16 Even if I called and He answered me,
I would not believe that He would listen to my voice.
17 He who crushes me with a storm
and multiplies my wounds for no reason.
18 He does not allow me to catch my breath,
but fills me with bitterness.
19 If it is a question of strength—
certainly, He is the mighty One!
If it is a matter of justice—
who will summon me?
20 Even if I were innocent,
my mouth would condemn me.
If I were guiltless,
it will declare me perverse.
21 “I am guiltless.
I have no concern for myself.
I despise my life.
22 It is all the same, therefore I say,
‘He destroys both the blameless and the wicked.’
23 If a scourge smites suddenly,
He mocks the despair of the innocent.
24 If the land falls into the hand of the wicked
He blindfolds the faces of its judges.
If it is not He, then who is it?
25 “My days are swifter than a runner;
they flee away without seeing goodness.
26 They slip by like reed boats,
like an eagle swooping down on its prey.
27 If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint,
I will put off my sad face and be cheerful,’
28 I still dread all my pains,
for I know You will not find me innocent.
29 If I am condemned—
why should I struggle in vain?
30 If I wash myself with melted snow
and cleanse my hands with lye,
31 then You would plunge me into a pit
and my own clothes would detest me.
32 For He is not a human being, like I am,
that I could answer Him,
that we could go to court together.
33 There is no arbitrator between us,
who could lay his hand on us both;
34 who could remove His rod from me,
so that His terror would not frighten me.
35 Then I would speak and not fear Him
—except it is not so with me.”
Do Not Condemn Me!
10 “I loathe my own life;
I will give full vent to my complaint;
I will speak out of the bitterness of my soul.
2 I will say to God, ‘Do not condemn me;
tell me why You contend with me.’
3 Is it good for You to oppress,
to despise the work of Your hands,
while You smile on the plans of the wicked?
4 Do You have eyes of flesh?
Do You see as a human being sees?
5 Are Your days like those of a mortal,
or Your years like those of a strong man,
6 that You should seek out my iniquity
and search out my sin,
7 though You know that I am not guilty,
yet there is no one to deliver from Your hand?
8 “Your hands molded and fashioned me,
will You now destroy me completely?
9 Remember You fashioned me like clay;
will You return me to dust?
10 Did You not pour me out like milk
and curdle me like cheese,
11 clothe me with skin and flesh
and knit me together with bones and sinews?
12 You gave me life and steadfast love,
and Your care has preserved my spirit.
13 “Yet these things You have hid in Your heart,
for I know that this is with You.
14 If I sinned, You would watch me,
and not acquit me of my iniquity.
15 If I am guilty, woe to me!
Even if I am innocent,
I cannot lift my head.
I am full of shame
and conscious of my affliction.
16 If my head is held high,
You hunt me like a lion,
and again work wonders against me.
17 You renew Your witnesses against me,
and increase Your anger toward me,
change and warfare are with me.
18 “Why then did You bring me out from the womb?
I should have died so no eye would have seen me.
19 If only I had never come into being,
or been carried from womb to grave.
20 Are not my days few?
Then stop, leave me alone
so I might have a little joy,
21 before I depart, and never return,
to the land of darkness
and the shadow of death,
22 the land of utter darkness,
like the deepest darkness and disorder,
where even the light is like darkness.”
Zophar: God Sees Iniquity
11 Then, Zophar the Naamathite answered and said:
2 “Should so many words go unanswered?
Is a man justified by his lips?
3 Will your idle talk silence men
and will no one rebuke you when you mock?
4 For you have said,
‘My teaching is flawless’
and ‘I am pure in Your eyes!’
5 But if only God would speak
and open His lips against you,
6 and show you the secrets of wisdom—
for sound wisdom has two sides.
Know that God has forgotten some of your iniquity.
7 “Can you discover the mysteries of God?
Can you find the limits of Shaddai?
8 They are higher than the heavens
—what can you do?
They are deeper than Sheol
—what can you know?
9 Its measure is longer than the earth
and wider than the sea.
10 “If He comes by and imprisons, or convenes a court,
who can prevent Him?
11 For He knows deceitful men;
when He sees wickedness, does he not consider it?
12 But a witless man will gain understanding
when a wild donkey’s colt is born a human being?
13 “If you devote your heart to Him
and spread out your hands to Him,
14 if you put away the wickedness that is in your hand,
and allow no iniquity to abide in your tent,
15 then you will lift up your face without reproach;
you will stand firm and without fear.
16 You will forget your trouble;
you will remember it like water that has flowed away.
17 Life will be brighter than noonday;
darkness like the morning.
18 You will be confident, because there is hope;
you will look about you and lie down in safety.
19 You will lie down with no one to make you afraid,
many will seek your favor.
20 But the eyes of the wicked will fail,
and escape will elude them;
their only hope is their dying breath.”[s]
Job: Everything is in His Hand
12 Job responded and said:
2 “Without a doubt you are the people
and wisdom will die with you!
3 But I have a mind as well as you;
I am not inferior to you.
Who does not know these things?
4 “I have become a laughingstock to my friend,
though I called on God and He answered—
a righteous and blameless man is a laughingstock!
5 Contempt for calamity is the thought of one at ease,
prepared for those whose foot slips.
6 The tents of marauders prosper,
and there is security for those who provoke God—
for those whom God brings in His hand.
7 But now ask the animals and they will teach you,
or the birds of the sky and they will tell you,
8 or speak to the earth and it will teach you,
or the fish of the sea and they will inform you.
9 Which of these does not know
that the hand of Adonai has done this?
10 In His hand is the life of every creature,
and the breath of all the human race.
11 Does not the ear test words
as the palate tastes food?
12 Is not wisdom with the aged
and understanding bring long life?
13 “With Him are wisdom and power;
counsel and understanding are His.
14 If He tears down, it cannot be rebuilt;
one He imprisons cannot be released.
15 If He holds back the waters, they dry up;
if He releases them, they destroy the earth.
16 With Him are power and sound wisdom;
both deceived and deceiver are His.
17 He leads counselors away stripped
and makes judges into fools.
18 He loosens the bonds of the kings,
and binds a loincloth around their waists.
19 He leads priests away stripped
and overthrows the rulers.
20 He silences the lips of trusted advisors
and removes the discernment of elders.
21 He pours contempt on nobles
and loosens the belts of the mighty.
22 He reveals the deep things of darkness[t]
and brings utter darkness into light.
23 He makes nations great
and destroys them.
He enlarges the nations
and leads them away.
24 He deprives the heads of the people of earth of understanding,
and causes them to wander in a pathless wasteland.
25 They grope in darkness with no light;
He makes them stagger like a drunkard.
Job Challenges God
13 “Indeed, my eye has seen it all,
my ears have heard and understood it.
2 What you know, I also know;
I am not inferior to you.
3 Still, I desire to speak to Shaddai
and to argue my case with God.
4 You, however, smear me with lies;
you are worthless doctors—all of you!
5 If only you would keep completely silent!
For you, that would be wisdom.
6 Hear now my argument;
listen to the contentions of my lips.
7 Will you speak unjustly on God’s behalf?
Will you speak deceitfully for Him?
8 Will you show Him partiality?
Will you argue the case for God?
9 Would it turn out well if He examined you?
Could you deceive Him as you deceive a man?
10 He would surely rebuke you
if you secretly showed favoritism.
11 Would not His majesty terrify you
and the dread of Him fall on you?
12 Your maxims are proverbs of ashes;
your defenses are defenses of clay.
13 Be silent and let me speak;
then let come to me what may.
14 Why should I take my flesh in my teeth
and take my life in my hands?
15 Even if He slays me, I will wait for Him;
I will surely defend my ways before Him.
16 This, too, will be my salvation
for no godless can come before Him.
17 “Listen carefully to my words,
and let my declaration be in your ears.
18 See now, I have prepared my case;
I know that I will be vindicated.
19 Who will contend with me?
If so, I will be silent and die.
20 “Only two things do not do to me;
then I will not hide from Your face:
21 withdraw Your hand far from me,
and do not assail me with Your terror.
22 Then call, and I will answer,
or I will speak, and You respond to me.
23 How many are my iniquities and sins?
Show me my transgressions and sin.
24 Why do You hide Your face
and consider me Your enemy?
25 Will You frighten a windblown leaf
and chase after dry chaff?
26 For You write bitter things against me
and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth.
27 You put my feet in shackles and watch all my paths;
You put marks on the soles of my feet.
28 “So he wastes away
like something rotten,
like a moth-eaten garment.
Death and Resurrection
14 “A mortal born of woman,
is of few days and full of turmoil.
2 Like a flower he comes up and withers;
like a shadow he flees and does not stay.
3 Do You fix Your eyes on such a one,
and bring me for judgment with You?
4 Who can make something pure out of the impure?
No one!
5 Since his days are determined,
the number of his months is with You,
You have set his limits,
which he cannot exceed.
6 Look away from him and let him alone,
until he fulfills his time like a hired laborer.
7 “At least there is hope for a tree—
if it is cut down it will sprout again,
and its shoots will not cease.
8 Though its roots grow old in the earth
and its stump dies in the dry ground,
9 at the scent of water it will bud
and sprout sprigs like a new plant.
10 But man dies and is powerless.
Man expires—and where is he?
11 As water evaporates from the sea
and a river drains away and dries up,
12 so a person lies down and does not rise;
until the heavens are no more,
people will not awake,
or be roused from their sleep.
13 “Oh that You would hide me in Sheol,
and conceal me until Your wrath has passed!
Oh that You would set a time for me
and then remember me!
14 If a man dies, will he live again?
All the days of my hard labor
I will wait until my relief comes.
15 You will call and I—I will answer You;
You will long for the work of Your hands.
16 For then You will number my steps;
You will not keep track of my sin;
17 my transgression will be sealed in a bundle
and cover over my iniquity.
18 “Yet as a mountain falls away and crumbles
and a rock is moved from its place,
19 as water wears away stones
and torrents wash away the soil,
so You destroy a person’s hope.
20 You overpower him—once for all, and he perishes;
You change his appearance and send him away.
21 If his sons achieve honor,
he does not know it;
if they are brought low,
he does not perceive it.
22 He only feels pain for his own flesh,
and mourns for his own soul.”
Eliphaz Rebukes Job
15 Then Eliphaz the Temanite responded and said:
2 “Does a wise man answer with empty knowledge,
or fill his belly with the east wind?
3 Does he argue with useless talk
and words that have no value in them?
4 You even do away with reverence
and hinder devotion before God.
5 For your iniquity prompts your mouth
and you choose the tongue of the crafty.
6 Your own mouth condemns you—not I;
your own lips testify against you.
7 “Are you the first man to be born?
Were you brought forth before the hills?
8 Do you listen in on God’s counsel?
Do you limit wisdom to yourself?
9 What do you know that we do not know?
What do you understand that we do not understand?
10 Both gray-haired and aged are with us,
men even older than your father.
11 Are the comforts of God too small for you,
or a gentle word toward you?
12 Why has your heart carried you away
and why do your eyes flash,
13 so that you turn your spirit against God
and bring such words out of your mouth?
14 “What is man, that he could be pure,
or one born of woman, that he could be righteous?
15 If He puts no trust in His holy ones,
if even the heavens are not pure in His eyes,
16 how much less man, who is vile and corrupt,
who drinks evil like water!
17 I will tell you; listen to me,
and what I have seen I will declare,
18 what wise men have declared
and did not hide from their ancestors,
19 to whom alone the land was given,
when no foreigner passed among them:
20 All his days the wicked suffers torment,
and numbered are the years stored up for the tyrant.
21 Terrifying sounds are in his ears;
in a time of peace, marauders attack him.
22 He does not expect to escape from darkness;
he is destined for the sword.
23 He wanders about for bread—‘Where is it?’
He knows that the day of darkness is at hand.
24 Distress and anguish terrify him;
they overpower him like a king poised to attack,
25 for he raises his hand against God
and flaunts himself against Shaddai,
26 defiantly rushing at Him
with a thick, strong shield.
27 Because He covered his face with his fat
and made his hips bulge with blubber,
28 he lived in ruined cities,
in houses which no one inhabits,
which are ready to crumble into heaps.
29 He will not become rich, and his wealth will not endure,
nor will his possessions spread over the land.
30 He will not escape from the darkness;
a flame will wither his shoots,
and he will depart by the breath of His mouth.
31 “Let him not trust in emptiness, deceiving himself;
for emptiness will be his reward.
32 Before his day it will be paid in full
and his branch will not be green.
33 He will shake off his unripe grapes like a vine,
and cast off his blossoms like an olive tree.
34 For the company of the godless is barren,
and fire consumes the tents of bribery.
35 They conceive mischief and bring forth evil
and their belly prepares deception.”
Job Reproves His Friends
16 Job answered, saying:
2 “I have heard many things like these;
you are miserable comforters, all of you!
3 Is there no end to your futile words?
What compels you to answer?
4 I too could speak like you,
if you were in my place;
I could compose words against you
and shake my head at you.
5 But I would strengthen you with my mouth
and comfort from my lips would bring you relief.
6 “Yet, if I speak, my pain is not relieved,
and if I refrain, does it not go away from me?
7 Surely now He has exhausted me;
You have devastated my entire household.
8 You have seized me—
it has become a witness;
my leanness rises against me
and testifies to my face.
9 His anger has torn and tormented me;
He gnashes at me with his teeth;
my enemy looks at me with daggers in his eyes.
10 People open their mouths against me;
they strike my cheek in contempt;
they unite together against me.
11 God has handed me over to the ungodly,
and tossed me into the hands of the wicked.
12 I was at ease, but He shattered me;
He grabbed me by the neck and crushed me.
He has made me His target;
13 His archers surround me.
Without mercy He pierces my kidneys
and spills my gall on the ground.
14 He breaks through against me, breach after breach.
He runs after me like a warrior.
15 “I have sewn sackcloth over my skin
and sunk my horn in the dust;
16 my face is red from weeping,
and on my eyelids are deep darkness;
17 yet no violence is in my hands
and my prayer is pure.
18 “Earth, do not cover my blood,
and let my cry find no resting place!
19 Even now my witness is in heaven,[u]
my advocate is on high.
20 My intercessor is my friend;
as my eyes pour out tears to God;
21 he contends with God on behalf of man
as one pleads for a friend.
22 “For the number of years will come to pass,
and then I will go the way of no return.
Hope in Sheol?
17 “My spirit is broken, my days have cut short,
the graveyard awaits me.
2 Surely mockers are with me,
my eyes must gaze on their hostility.
3 “Make then a pledge for me with You.
Who else would strike hands with me?
4 Because You have closed their heart to understanding,
therefore You will not exalt them.
5 If anyone denounces his friends for profit
the eyes of his children will fail.
6 He has made me a byword to people,
I am the one in whose face people spit.
7 My eyes have grown dim with grief
and all my limbs are like a shadow.
8 The upright are appalled at this;
the innocent are stirred up against the ungodly.
9 But the righteous one holds to his way,
and the one with clean hands grows stronger.
10 “But turn, all of you, come now!
I will not find a wise man among you.
11 My days have passed, my plans are torn apart.
Yet the desires of my heart
12 turn night into day;
in the face of darkness light is near.
13 If I hope for Sheol as my home,
if I make my bed in darkness,
14 if I say to the pit, ‘You are my father,’
and to the worm, ‘My mother,’ or ‘My sister,’
15 where then is my hope?
And my hope, who sees it?
16 Will it go down to the gates of Sheol?
Will we descend together into the dust?”
Bildad Rebukes Job
18 Then, Bildad the Shuhite replied, saying:
2 “How long until you end these words?
Consider, and then we will talk.
3 Why are we regarded as beasts,
and stupid in your eyes?
4 You, who tear yourself to pieces in anger,
will the earth be abandoned for your sake?
Or must a rock be moved from its place?
5 Indeed, the light of the wicked is snuffed out;
the flame of his fire does not shine.
6 The light in his tent grows dark;
the lamp above him goes out.
7 His vigorous stride is shortened,
and his own scheme throws him down.
8 For he is cast into a net by his feet;
he wanders into its mesh.
9 A trap seizes him by the heel;
a snare holds him fast.
10 A rope is hidden for him on the ground,
and a trap for him lies on the path.
11 On every side terrors frighten him
and harass his every step.
12 Calamity is hungry for him;
disaster is ready for his fall.
13 It eats away pieces of his skin;
death’s firstborn devours his limbs.
14 He is torn from the security of his tent,
and marched off to the king of terrors.
15 Nothing of his dwells in his tent;
brimstone is scattered over his dwelling.
16 Below his roots dry up,
and above his branches wither.
17 His memory perishes from the earth
and he has no name in the land.
18 He is driven from light into darkness
and is banished from the world.
19 He has no offspring or descendant among his people,
no survivor where he once dwelt.
20 People of the west are appalled at his fate;
people of the east are seized with horror.
21 Surely such are the dwellings of the wicked;
such is the place of one who does not know God.”
Job: Have Pity on Me
19 Job responded, saying:
2 “How long will you torment my soul
and crush me with words?
3 Ten times now you have reproached me;
you attack me shamelessly.
4 But even if it is true that I have erred,
my error remains with me.
5 If indeed you would exalt yourselves above me
and prove my humiliation against me,
6 then know that God has wronged me
and encircled me with His net.
7 “Though I cry out, ‘Violence!’ I get no response.
I cry for help, but there is no justice.
8 He has blocked my way so I cannot pass,
and has shrouded my path in darkness.
9 He has stripped me of my honor,
and removed the crown from my head.
10 He tears me down on every side until I am gone;
He uproots my hope like a tree.
11 His anger burns against me,
and He considers me among His enemies.
12 His troops advance together;
they build a siege ramp against me
and encamp around my tent.
13 “He removed my brothers far from me;
my acquaintances are only strangers to me.
14 My relatives have gone away and my close friends
have forgotten me.
15 My houseguests and my maidservants consider me a stranger.
I have become a foreigner in their eyes.
16 I call my servant but he does not reply
though I beg him with my own mouth.
17 My breath is repulsive to my wife;
I am loathsome to my children.
18 Even young children despise me;
when I stand, they speak against me.[v]
19 All my close friends despise me;
those I love have turned against me.
20 My bones cling to my skin and my flesh;
I have escaped only by the skin of my teeth.
21 “Have pity on me my friends, have pity,
for the hand of God has struck me.
22 Why do you pursue me—like God?
Are you not satisfied with my flesh?
23 Oh that my words were written,
that they were recorded in a scroll
24 that with an iron pen and lead,
they were engraved in stone forever!
My Redeemer Lives!
25 “Yet I know that my Redeemer lives,
and in the end, He will stand on earth.
26 Even after my skin has been destroyed,
yet in my flesh I will see God;[w]
27 I myself will see Him with my own eyes,
I and not a stranger.
My heart[x] grows weak within me.
28 “If you say, ‘How we will pursue him,
since the root of the matter is found in him;’
29 then you should fear the sword for yourselves;
for wrath brings the punishments of the sword—
so that you may know judgment!”
Zophar: Death and Hell for the Wicked
20 Then Zophar the Naamathite responded and said:
2 “In truth, my troubled thoughts urge me to answer
because of my feelings within me.
3 I hear a rebuke that dishonors me
and my understanding inspires me to reply.
4 Do you not know that it has been from old,
since mankind was put on earth,
5 that the triumph of the wicked is short
and the joy of the godless is but for a moment?
6 Though his pride reaches to the heavens,
and his head touches the clouds,
7 he perishes forever like his own dung.
Those who have seen him will say,
‘Where is he?’
8 Like a dream, he flies away
and they cannot find him;
like a vision of the night,
he is chased away.
9 The eye that saw him will not see him again;
his place will look on him no more.
10 His children must recompense the poor;
his own hands must give back his wealth.
11 His bones were full of his youthful vigor
but it will lie down with him in the dust.
12 Though evil is sweet in his mouth,
though he hides it under his tongue,
13 though he cannot bear to let it go
and holds it in his mouth,
14 his food turns sour in his stomach;
it becomes the venom of serpents within him.
15 He swallows riches and vomits them up;
God empties it out of his stomach.
16 He sucks the poison of serpents;
fangs of a viper kill him.
17 He will not look at streams,
rivers flowing with honey and butter.
18 He gives back what he toiled for without swallowing it;
he will not enjoy the riches of his trade.
19 For he has oppressed and abandoned the poor.
He has seized a house he did not build.
20 For he knows no satisfaction from his greed,
he cannot save himself by his desires.
21 Nothing remains for him to devour;
therefore his prosperity will not last.
22 In the fullness of his plenty, he will be distressed;
the full force of misery will come upon him.
23 While he is filling his belly,
He will send the anger of His wrath against him,
and rain it down it on him, on his flesh.
24 Though he flees from an iron weapon,
a bronze bow pierces him through.
25 He pulls and it comes out of his back,
the gleaming point out of his liver.
Terrors come upon him!
26 Total darkness waits for his treasures;
A fire not fanned will devour him;
it will consume what is left in his tent.
27 The heavens will expose his iniquity;
the earth will rise up against him.
28 A flood will carry off his house,
rushing waters on the day of His wrath.
29 Such is the wicked man’s lot from God,
the heritage appointed to him by God.”
Job’s Dialogue on the Wicked
21 Then Job replied:
2 “Listen carefully to my words;
let this be your consolation.
3 Bear with me as I speak,
and after I have spoken, mock on.
4 As for me, is my complaint against man?
If so, why should I not be impatient?
5 Look at me and be appalled;
put your hand over your mouth.
6 When I think of it, I am terrified
and my flesh shudders.
7 Why do the wicked go on living,
growing old and increasing in power?
8 Their children are established in their presence,
their offspring before their eyes.
9 Their homes have peace and are free from fear;
no rod of God is on them.
10 His bull breeds without fail;
his cow calves and do not miscarry.
11 They send out their little ones like a flock
and their children dance.
12 They sing to the tambourine and harp
and rejoice at the sound of the flute.
13 They spend their days in prosperity,
and in a moment go down to Sheol.
14 Yet they say to God, ‘Leave us alone!
We have no desire to know Your ways.
15 Who is Shaddai that we should serve Him?
What would we gain if we pray to Him?’
16 Look, their prosperity is not in their own hands;
the counsel of the wicked is far from me.
17 “How often is the lamp of the wicked snuffed out
or calamity fallen on them?
How often does He allot pain in His anger?
18 How often are they like straw before the wind;
like chaff swept away by a storm?
19 You say, ‘God stores up the punishment for his children.’
Let Him repay the wicked so he may know it!
20 Let his own eyes see his ruin;
let him drink the wrath of Shaddai.
21 For what does he care for his family that he leaves behind,
when the number of his months has come to an end?
22 “Can anyone teach God knowledge,
since He judges even the highest.
23 One dies in his full strength,[y]
completely secure and at ease.
24 His pails are full of milk;
His bones are moist with marrow.
25 Yet another dies in bitterness of soul,
never having tasted goodness.
26 Together they lie in the dust
and worms cover over them.
27 “Behold, I know your thoughts,
the schemes by which you wrong me.
28 For you ask, ‘Where is the nobleman’s house
and the tent where the wicked lived?’
29 Have you not asked travelers?
Do you not recognize their accounts
30 that the wicked are spared for the day of calamity
that they are brought to the day of wrath?
31 Who declares his conduct to his face?
Who repays him for what he has done?
32 He is brought to the grave,
and watch is kept over his tomb.
33 The soil in the valley is sweet to him;
everyone follows after him,
and countless are those before him.
34 “So how will your futility comfort me,
for your answers remain nothing but falsehood?”
Eliphaz Keeps Pointing at Sin
22 Then Eliphaz the Temanite responded saying:
2 “Can a man be useful to God?
Can even a wise man benefit Him?
3 What pleasure is it to Shaddai if you are righteous?
Or what gain if your ways are blameless?
4 Is it because of your reverence that He corrects you
and He brings judgment against you?
5 Is not your wickedness great,
and is there no end to your iniquity?
6 For you took pledges from your brothers for no reason;
you stripped the naked of their clothing.
7 You gave the weary no water to drink
and from the hungry you withhold bread,
8 Though you were a mighty man, owning land—
an honored man living on it.
9 You sent widows away empty-handed
and crushed the arms of orphans.
10 “That is why snares surround you,
and why sudden fear terrifies you,
11 or why it is so dark that you cannot see.
and why a flood of water covers you.
12 “Is not God in the heights of heaven?
And see the lofty stars how high they are?
13 Yet you say, ‘What does God know?
Does He judge through such thick darkness?
14 Thick clouds veil Him so He does not see,
as He walks in the vault of heaven.’
15 Will you keep to the old way
that wicked men have trod?
16 They were snatched away before their time,
their foundations washed away by a river.
17 They said to God, ‘Leave us alone!
What can Shaddai do to us?’
18 Yet He filled their houses with good things—
but the counsel of the wicked is far from me!
19 The righteous see and rejoice;
the innocent mock them, saying,
20 ‘Surely our foes are cut off,
and fire consumes their abundance.’
21 “Reconcile now with Him and have shalom—
in this way prosperity will come to you.
22 Accept instruction from His mouth
and store up His words in your heart.
23 If you return to Shaddai, you will be restored;
if you remove iniquity far from your tent
24 and throw your gold in the dust,
and the gold of Ophir to the rocks in the wadis,
25 then Shaddai will be your gold
and your precious silver.
26 Surely then Shaddai will be your delight
and you will lift up your face to God.
27 You will pray to Him and He will hear you,
and you will fulfill your vows.
28 What you decide will be done,
and light will shine on your ways.
29 When people are brought low, and you say, ‘Lift them up!’
then He will save the downcast.
30 He will deliver even one who is not innocent,
who will be delivered by the cleanness of your hands.”
Job’s Argument with God
23 Then Job answered:
2 “Even today my complaint is rebellious;
His hand is heavy despite my groaning.
3 If only I knew where to find Him;
if only I could go to His dwelling.
4 I would lay out my case before Him
and fill my mouth with arguments.
5 I would know with what words He would answer me,
and understand what He would say to me.
6 Would He oppose me with great power?
No, He would only pay attention to me.
7 There the upright can reason with Him,
and there I would forever be delivered from my Judge.
8 But, if I go to the east, He is not there;
if I go to the west,
I do not find Him.
9 When He is in the north, I cannot perceive Him;
When He turns south, I do not see Him.
10 Yet He knows the way that I take;
if He tested me, I would come out as gold.
11 My foot has held closely to His steps;
I have kept to His way and have not strayed.
12 I have not departed from the commands of His lips.
I have treasured the words of His mouth more than my daily bread.
13 He is unchangeable, and who can change Him?
Whatever His soul desires, He does.
14 For He fulfills the decree against me,
and many such things are with Him.
15 That is why I am terrified at His presence;
when I consider this, I fear Him.
16 God has made my heart faint;
Shaddai has terrified me.
17 Yet I am not silenced because of the darkness,
nor by the thick darkness that covers my face.”
Futility of Injustice
24 “Why are times not stored up by Shaddai?
And why do those who know Him not see His days?
2 Some remove the boundary-stones;
they steal flocks and pasture them.
3 They drive away the orphan’s donkey
and take the widow’s ox as a pledge.
4 They turn the needy off the path;
they force the poor of the land into hiding.
5 Behold, like wild donkeys in the desert, they go about their work,
foraging prey in the desert as food for their children.
6 They reap their fodder in the field
and glean in the vineyard of the wicked.
7 Without clothing they spend the night naked,
without covering against the cold.
8 They are drenched by mountain rains,
and hug the rock for lack of shelter.
9 The orphan is snatched from the breast;
the infant of the poor is taken as a pledge.
10 They wander about naked, without clothing
and go hungry while they carry sheaves.
11 They press oil between the terraces;
they tread winepresses, but are thirsty.
12 From the city men groan,
and the souls of the wounded cry out;
yet God charges no one with folly.
13 These are those who rebel against the light,
who do not recognize its ways or stay in its paths.
14 The murderer rises with the light, kills the poor and needy,
and in the night becomes a thief.
15 The eye of the adulterer waits for twilight,
thinking, ‘No eye will see me,’ and he disguises his face.
16 When it is dark, they break into houses,
but by day, they shut themselves in;
they do not know the light.
17 For to all of them, morning is as thick darkness;
they are familiar with the terrors of thick darkness.
18 “He is foam on the surface of water;
their portion of the land is cursed;
no one turns toward their vineyards.
19 As heat and drought snatch away the melted snow,
so Sheol, takes away those who have sinned.
20 The womb forgets him,
the worm feasts on him,
no longer will he be remembered.
But like a tree, wickedness is broken.
21 He feeds on the barren and childless woman,
and shows no kindness to the widow.
22 But He drags off the mighty by His power;
He raises up, yet no one has assurance of life.
23 He allows him to rest in a sense of security,
but His eyes are on their ways.
24 They are exalted for a little while
and then they are gone;
they are brought low
and gathered up like all others,
they are like heads of grain they wither.
25 Now if it is not so, who can prove me a liar,
and reduce my speech to nothing?”
Bildad: Justified With God?
25 Then Bildad the Shuhite answered:
2 “Dominion and awe are with Him;
He establishes shalom in His heights.
3 Can His armies be counted?
On whom does His light not rise?
4 How then can a man be righteous with God?
How can one born of a woman be pure?
5 If even the moon is not bright
and the stars are not pure in His eyes,
6 how much less man who is but a maggot—
a son of man who is a worm!”
Job: God is Awesome
26 Then Job responded and said:
2 “How you have helped the powerless!
How you have saved the arm without strength!
3 How you have counseled the one without wisdom
and revealed your abundant insights!
4 To whom have you uttered words?
Whose spirit has come from your mouth?
5 “The dead tremble—those beneath the water
and all that live in them.
6 Sheol is naked before Him;
Abaddon has no covering.[z]
7 He stretches out the north over the void;
He suspendsthe earth over nothing.
8 He wraps up the waters in His clouds,
yet the clouds do not burst under them.
9 He covers the face of the full moon,
spreading His clouds over it.
10 He marks out the horizon on the face of the waters,
for a boundary between light and dark.
11 The pillars of heaven tremble,
astounded at His rebuke!
12 By His power He churns up the sea;
by His understanding He smashed Rahab.
13 By His Ruach the heavens are clear;
His hand pierced the fleeing serpent.
14 Indeed, these are but glimpses of His ways; how faint the whisper, we hear of Him!
Who then can understand the thunder of His might?”
What Hope has the Godless?
27 And Job took up his discourse again, saying:
2 “As God lives, who has deprived me of justice,
Shaddai who has made my soul bitter,
3 as long as my breath is still in me,
the Ruach of God in my nostrils,
4 my lips will speak no injustice,
nor will my tongue mutter deceit.
5 Far be it from me to say that you are just;
until I die, I will not set aside my integrity!
6 I will maintain my righteousness, and not let it go;
my conscience will not reproach me for any of my days.
7 “May my enemy be like the wicked
my enemy like the unrighteous.
8 For what hope has the godless,
when he is cut off,
when God takes his soul?[aa]
9 Will God hear his cry
when trouble comes upon him?
10 Will he delight in Shaddai?
Will he call upon God at all times?
11 I will teach you about the hand of God;
I will not conceal the ways of Shaddai.
12 Look, you have all seen this yourselves.
Why then this meaningless talk?
13 “This is the portion of a wicked man with God,
the inheritance that ruthless men receive from Shaddai.
14 If his children increase—
it is for the sword.
His offspring will never
have enough to eat.
15 Those who survive him will be buried by the plague,
and their widows will not weep.
16 Though he piles up silver like dust,
and clothing like heaps of mortar,
17 what he lays up, the righteous will wear,
and the upright will divide the silver.
18 The house he built is like a moth’s cocoon,
like a hut made for a watchman.
19 “He lies down wealthy,
but will gather no more.
When he opens his eyes,
all is gone!
20 Terrors overtake him like a flood;
a storm sweeps him away at night.
21 The east wind picks him up and he is gone;
it sweeps him out of his place.
22 It hurls itself at him without pity
as he flees headlong from its hand.
23 It claps its hands at him in derision,
and hisses him out of his place.”
Where Can Wisdom be Found?
28 “Surely there is a mine for silver,
and a place where gold is refined.
2 Iron is taken from the earth,
and copper is smelted from ore.
3 Man puts an end to darkness;
he searches to the farthest reaches
for ore in gloom and blackest darkness.
4 He cuts open a shaft far from dwellings,
in places forgotten by feet.
Far from other people,
they dangle back and forth.
5 The earth, from which food comes,
is transformed as by fire;
6 a place whose rocks are sapphires,
its dust contains gold.
7 No bird of prey knows the path;
nor falcon’s eye has seen it.
8 Proud beasts have not set foot on it,
and no lion has passed there.
9 Man sets his hand against the flinty rock
and overturns mountains by the roots.
10 He carves out tunnels through the rocks;
his eye sees every precious thing.
11 He dams up streams from flowing.
And brings hidden things to light.
12 “But where can wisdom be found?
Where is the place of understanding?
13 No mortal comprehends its worth;
it cannot be found in the land of the living.
14 The deep says, ‘It is not in me’—
The sea says, ‘It’s not with me.’
15 Pure gold cannot be given for it,
nor can its price be weighed in silver.
16 It cannot be weighed in gold from Ophir,
in precious onyx, or sapphire.
17 Neither gold or crystal can compare with it,
nor vessels of fine gold exchanged for it.
18 No mention will be made of coral or jasper;
the price of wisdom is more than pearls.
19 The topaz of Ethiopia cannot compare to it;
nor can it be valued in pure gold.
20 Where then does wisdom come from?
Where is the place of understanding?
21 It has been hidden from the eyes of all living things,
concealed from the birds of the sky.
22 Abaddon and Death say,
‘With our ears we have heard a rumor of it.’
23 “God understands its way
and He knows its place.
24 He looks to the ends of the earth,
and sees everything under the heavens.
25 When He made the force of the wind,
and measured out the waters,
26 when He set a limit for the rain
and a path for the thunderstorm,
27 then He looked at it and assessed it
established it and examined it.
28 And He said to mankind,
‘The fear of the Lord—that is wisdom,
and to turn away from evil is understanding.”’
Job Remembers Better Days
29 Again Job took up his discourse saying:
2 “O that I could be as in the months gone by,
as in the days when God watched over me,
3 when His lamp shone above my head,
when by His light I walked through darkness;
4 as I was in the days of my prime,
when God’s intimate friendship was upon my tent,
5 when Shaddai was still with me,
and my children surrounded me;
6 when my steps were bathed with butter,
and the rock poured out for me streams of oil.
7 When I went out to the city gate,
and secured my seat in the public square,
8 young men would see me and hide,
old men would rise and stand;
9 princes refrained from talking
and put their hand over their mouths;
10 the voice of the nobles was hushed
and their tongue stuck to their palate.
11 “When the ear heard,
it called me blessed,
and when the eye saw me,
it commended me;
12 for I saved the poor who cried for help,
and the orphan who had no one to help him;
13 the blessing of the dying man came on me,
and I made the widow’s heart sing for joy.
14 I put on righteousness as my clothing;
justice was as my robe and turban.
15 I was eyes for the blind
and feet for the lame;
16 I was a father to the needy,
and I investigated the case of one I did not know.
17 I broke the jaws of the unjust,
and snatched the prey out of his teeth.
18 “Then I thought, ‘I will die in my nest,
and multiply my days like the sand.
19 My roots reach the water,
and dew lies on my branches all night.
20 My glory is fresh within me,
and my bow is renewed in my hand.’
21 “People listened to me and waited,
and kept silent for my advice.
22 After I had spoken, they spoke no more;
my words fell on them drop by drop.
23 They waited for me as for the rain,
and opened their mouths as for spring rain.
24 When I joked with them, they hardly believed it;
they did not cause the light of my face to fall.
25 I chose their way and sat as their chief;
I lived as a king among the troops;
I was like one who comforts mourners.
Cry of Great Agony
30 “But now they mock me—those younger than me,
whose fathers I would have disdained to put with my sheep dogs.
2 Moreover, what use was the strength of their hands to me,
since their vigor has gone from them.
3 Haggard from want and hunger,
they gnaw the parched land,
in former time desolate and waste.
4 In the brush they pluck salt herbs,
and their food was from the root of the broom tree.
5 They were banished from society,
shouted at as if they were thieves,
6 so they were forced to dwell in wadis,
in holes of the earth and among the rocks.
7 They brayed among the bushes
and huddled under the nettles.
8 A senseless and nameless brood,
they were cast out from the land.
9 “So now I have become their taunt song;
I have become a byword to them.
10 They despise me;
they keep their distance from me;
they do not hesitate to spit in my face.
11 Because He has loosened my cord and afflicted me,
they have cast off restraint in my presence
12 On my right the rabble rise up;
they entangle my feet
and build up their destructive paths against me.
13 They break up my path;
they succeed in destroying me without anyone helping them.
14 As through a wide breach they come;
amid the ruins they come rolling in.
15 Terrors are turned on me;
they chase away my honor like the wind,
and like a cloud my deliverance vanishes.
16 “And now my soul is poured out within me;
days of suffering have taken hold of me.
17 Night pierces my bones within me;
my gnawing pains never rest.
18 By great power He seizes my garment;
He binds me like the collar of my tunic.
19 He has cast me into the mud,
and I have become like dust and ashes.
20 “I cry out to You, but You do not answer me;
I stand up, but You only look at me.
21 You have turned on me cruelly;
You attack me with the might of Your hand.
22 You lift me up on the wind
and make me ride on it;
You toss me about in the storm.
23 For I know that you will bring me to death,
to the house appointed for all the living.
24 Yet does not one in a heap of ruins stretch out His hand,
and in his distress cry for help?
25 Have I not wept for the unfortunate?
Was not my soul grieved for the poor?
26 Yet, when I hoped for good, evil came;
when I waited for light, then darkness came.
27 “My heart[ab] seethes and never stops;
days of suffering confront me.
28 I walk about blackened, but not by the sun;
I stand in the assembly and cry for help.
29 I have become a brother to jackals,
and a companion to ostriches.
30 My skin has turned black on me;
my bones burn with heat.
31 My harp is for mourning
and my flute for the sound of weeping.
Job Asks for Judgment
31 “I made a covenant with my eyes
not to pay attention to a virgin.
2 For what is one’s lot from God above,
one’s heritage from Shaddai on high?
3 Is it not calamity for the unjust,
and disaster for workers of iniquity?
4 Does He not see my ways
and count all my steps?
5 “If I have walked in falsehood
or my foot has hurried to deceit,
6 then let Him weigh me with honest scales,
then God will know my integrity.
7 If my step has strayed from the way,
if my heart has walked after my eyes,
or if any defilement has stuck to my hands,
8 then let me sow and another eat,
and let my crops be uprooted.
9 If my heart has been enticed by a woman,
or I have lurked at my neighbor’s door,
10 then let my wife grind for another
and let others sleep with her.
11 For that would be a shameful act,
an iniquity to be judged.
12 For it is a fire that devours to destruction,
and uproots all my harvest.
13 “If I have denied justice to my male or female servant
when they disputed with me,
14 then what could I do when God rises up;
when He visits, how will I answer Him?
15 Did not He who made me in the womb, make him?
Did not the same one form us in the womb?
16 “If I withheld the desires of the poor
or let the eyes of the widow to fail,
17 if I ate my morsel of bread myself,
without letting an orphan eat of it
18 (but from my youth I reared him as a father,
and from my mother’s womb I guided her),
19 if I have seen anyone perishing for lack of clothing
or the needy without a covering,
20 if his heart did not bless me
as he warmed himself with the fleece of my sheep,
21 if I have raised my hand against the orphan,
when I saw my support in the gate,
22 then let my shoulder blade fall from my shoulder,
and let my arm be broken off at the joint.
23 For calamity from God was a terror to me,
and because of His majesty, I could do nothing.
24 “If I have put my confidence in gold
or said to fine gold, ‘You are my security,’
25 if I rejoiced because of my great wealth
or because of the abundance my hand acquired,
26 if I looked at the sun when it shines
or the moon moving in splendor,
27 so that my heart was secretly enticed,
and my hand threw a kiss from my mouth,
28 then this also would be iniquity to be judged,
for I would have denied God above.
29 “If I rejoiced at my enemy’s misfortune
or gloated because calamity found him—
30 I have not allowed my mouth to sin,
by asking for his life with a curse—
31 if anyone in my household has ever said,
‘Who has not been filled with his meat?’
32 —but no stranger had to spend the night outside
for my door was open to the traveler—
33 if I have I covered my transgressions like Adam,
by hiding my guilt in my bosom
34 because I feared a great multitude,
and the contempt of clans terrified me,
so that I kept silent
and would not go outside.
35 O, that I had someone to hear me!
Look, here is my signature,
let Shaddai answer me,
let the accuser write the indictment!
36 Surely I would carry it on my shoulder;
I would bind it on me as a crown.
37 I would give Him an account of my steps;
like a prince I would approach Him.
38 “If my land cries out against me,
and its furrows weep together,
39 if I have eaten its fruits without money,
or caused the death of its owners,
40 then let briars come up instead of wheat,
and stinkweed instead of barley.”
The words of Job are ended.
Young Elihu Speaks
32 So these three men stopped answering Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. 2 Then Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite of the clan of Ram became very angry. He was angry with Job for justifying himself rather than God. 3 He was also angry with his three friends because they had not found an answer, and yet had condemned Job. 4 Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job because they were older. 5 When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, his anger was aroused.
6 Then Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite responded and said:
“I am young in days and you are old;
that is why I was timid
and dared not to tell what I know.
7 I thought, ‘Let days speak,
and many years teach wisdom.’[ac]
8 But there is a spirit in people,
the breath of Shaddai that gives them understanding.
9 It is not only the aged who are wise
or old men who understand justice.
10 “Therefore I say, ‘Listen to me!
I, even I, will explain what I know.’
11 Look, I waited for your words,
I listened to your reasoning;
while you were searching for words
12 I gave you my full attention.
But behold, no one proved Job wrong;
none among you, answered his statements.
13 Lest you should say, ‘We have found wisdom;
let God refute him, not man!’
14 Job has not directed his words to me
and I will not respond to him with your arguments.
15 “They are dismayed and no longer reply;
words have failed them.
16 Must I wait, since they no longer speak
since they stand there with no reply?
17 I too will answer my part;
I too will declare what I know.
18 For I am full of words,
and the spirit within me compels me;
19 inside I am like wine that has no opening,
like new wineskins ready to burst.
20 I must speak that I may find relief;
I will open my lips that I may answer.
21 I will show partiality to no one,
nor will I flatter anyone;
22 for I do not know how to flatter
else my Maker would quickly carry me away!
33 “But now, Job, listen to my words
and give ear to everything I say.
2 See now, I open my mouth;
my tongue in my mouth speaks.
3 My words are from my upright heart;
my lips speak sincerely what they know.
4 “The Ruach of God has made me;
the breath of Shaddai gives me life.
5 Answer me, if you can;
array yourselves before me;
take your stand!
6 Look, I am the same as you before God;
I too am formed from clay.
7 See, no fear of me should terrify you,
nor should my pressure be heavy on you.
8 “Indeed, you have said in my hearing,
—I heard the sound of the words:
9 ‘I am pure, without transgression;
I am innocent, without iniquity.
10 Yet, He has found fault with me;
He considers me His enemy.
11 He puts my feet in the shackles;
He watches closely all my paths.’
12 “But in this, you are not right—
I answer you, for God is greater than a mortal.
13 Why do you contend against Him
that He does not answer all His words.
14 Indeed, God speaks once, even twice,
yet no one perceives it.
15 “In a dream, in a vision of the night,
when deep sleep falls on men, as they slumber in bed,
16 Then He opens the ears of men
and seals their instruction,
17 in order to turn a man from his conduct
and to cover a person’s pride.
18 He spares his soul from the Pit
and his life from perishing by the sword.
19 Or a person is chastened with pain on his bed,
with continual strife in his bones,
20 so that his life loathes bread,
and his soul, desirable food.
21 His flesh wastes away from sight,
and his bones, once unseen, now stick out.
22 His soul draws near to the Pit
and his life to the messengers of death.
23 “If there is an angel beside him, a messenger, one out of a thousand,
to declare to a man his uprightness,
24 then He is gracious to him, and says
‘Deliver him from going down to the Pit—
I have found a ransom;’
25 let his flesh be restored like a child’s;
let him return to the days of his youth.’
26 He entreats God and is accepted by Him;
he sees His face with a shout of joy;
He restores to the man his righteousness.
27 He sings to others, saying,
‘I have sinned and perverted what is right,
but I did not get what I deserved.
28 He redeemed my soul from going down to the Pit,
and my life sees the light.’
29 “Indeed, God does all these things,
twice, even three times with a man,
30 to bring his soul back from the Pit,
that he may be illuminated with the light of life.
31 Pay attention, Job, listen to me;
Be silent, and I will speak.
32 If you have anything to say, answer me.
Speak, for I want to justify you.
33 If not, then listen to me.
Be silent, and I will teach you wisdom.”
Testing Job’s Claims
34 Then Elihu answered:
2 “Hear my words, you wise men;
give ear to me, you men of learning.
3 For the ear tests words
as the mouth tastes food.
4 Let us choose for ourselves what is right;
Let us learn together what is good.
5 “For Job says, ‘I am righteous,
but God has deprived me of justice.
6 Concerning my right, should I lie?
My wound is incurable, although I am without transgression.’
7 What man is like Job,
who drinks mockery like water,
8 who keeps company with evildoers,
and walks with wicked men?
9 For he says, ‘It does not profit a man
when he makes his delight with God.’
10 “Therefore, listen to me, you men of understanding:
Wickedness is far from God, injustice from Shaddai
11 For He repays a person for what he has done,
and brings on the person what he deserves.
12 “Truly God does not act wickedly,
and Shaddai does not pervert justice.
13 Who appointed Him over the earth?
Who put Him over the whole world?
14 “If He were to set His heart on it,
and gather to Himself His Ruach and breath,
15 all flesh would perish together
and mankind would return to dust.[ad]
16 “Now if you have understanding, hear this;
give ear to the sound of my words.
17 Can someone who hates justice govern?
Will you condemn the mighty, righteous One?
18 Who says to a king, ‘Worthless man’
and to nobles, ‘Wicked men’!
19 Who shows no partiality before princes,
and does not favor the rich over the poor,
for they are all the work of His hands.
20 They die in a moment, at midnight,
people are shaken and they pass away.
The mighty are removed without a hand.
21 “For His eyes are on the ways of man;
He sees all his steps.
22 There is no gloom and no deep darkness,
where evildoers can hide themselves.
23 For He does not consider a man further
that he should go before God in judgment.
24 He shatters the mighty without inquiry,
and sets others in their place.
25 Thus He recognizes their deeds,
He overturns them in the night and they are crushed.
26 He strikes them for their wickedness
in a place where people can see,
27 because they turned from following Him,
and have not understood any of His ways.
28 They caused the cry of the poor to come before Him,
so that He hears the cry of the afflicted.
29 “But if He is quiet, who can condemn Him?
If He hides His face, who can see Him?
Yet He is over a nation and an individual alike,
30 so that godless men should not rule,
nor lay snares for people.
31 “Suppose someone says to God, ‘I have born chastisement,
but I will not act wickedly any more.
32 Teach me what I cannot see.
If I have done evil, I will not do it again.’
33 Should He requite it on your terms,
because you reject it?
But you must choose and not I;
now declare what you know.
34 “Men of understanding declare,
wise men who hear me say to me,
35 ‘Job speaks without knowledge,
and his words lack understanding.’
36 Oh, that Job might be tested to the end,
for answering like wicked men.
37 For he adds rebellion to his sin;
in our midst he claps his hands
and multiplies his words against God.”
35 Then Elihu answered, saying:
2 “Do you think this is just?
Do you say,
‘My righteousness is greater than God’s?’
3 For you ask, ‘What will it profit you?’
and ‘What do I gain by not sinning?’
4 I will answer you,
and your friends with you.
5 Look up at the heavens and see;
consider the clouds so high above you.
6 If you sin, how does it affect Him?
If your transgressions are many, what do you do to Him?
7 If you are righteous, what do you give Him,
or what does He receive from your hand?[ae]
8 Your wickedness is for a man like yourself,
and your righteousness for a son of man.
9 “Because of a multitude of oppressions, they cry out;
they cry for help because of the power of the mighty.
10 But no one says, ‘Where is God my Maker,
who gives songs in the night,
11 who teaches us more than the animals of the earth,
who makes us wiser than the birds of the sky?’
12 There they cry out, but He does not answer,
because of the pride of the wicked.
13 Indeed God does not hear an empty cry;
Shaddai pays no attention to it.
14 How much less when you say that you do not perceive Him
that the case is before Him and you must wait for Him.
15 And further, that His anger does not punish
and that He does not know transgression?
16 So Job opens his mouth with nonsense,
without knowledge he multiplies words.”
Elihu Magnifies the Almighty
36 Then Elihu said further:
2 “Be patient with me a bit longer and I will show you
that there is more to say on God’s behalf.
3 I get my knowledge from afar;
I ascribe righteousness to my Maker.
4 For truly, my words are not false;
One who is perfect in knowledge is with you.
5 “Indeed, God is mighty, but despises none,
He is mighty in strength of understanding.
6 He does not keep the wicked alive,
but gives justice to the afflicted.
7 He does not take His eyes from the righteous,
but enthrones them with kings and exalts them forever.
8 But if they are bound in chains,
and held captive by cords of affliction,
9 then He declares to them their deed
that they have transgressed arrogantly.
10 And He opens their ear to instruction,
and commands that they turn from evil.
11 If they obey and serve, they will end their days in prosperity,
and their years in happiness.
12 But if they do not listen, they will perish by the sword,
and die without knowledge.
13 “The godless in heart harbor anger,
they do not cry for help even when He binds them.
14 Their souls die in youth,
their life ends among cult prostitutes.
15 He delivers the afflicted by his affliction
and opens their ear in oppression.
16 “And indeed, He will draw you from the mouth of distress,
to a spacious place without constraint, and the comfort of a table full of rich food.
17 But you are full of judgment on the wicked,
judgment and justice take hold of you!
18 Beware lest wrath entice you with riches;
or a large bribe turn you aside.
19 Will your wealth sustain you to keep you from distress,
or even all your mighty efforts?
20 Do not long for the night,
when people vanish from their places.
21 Be careful, do not turn to iniquity;
for you have chosen this rather than affliction.
22 “Indeed, God is exalted in His power.
Who is a teacher like Him?
23 Who has prescribed His way for Him?
Or said ‘You have done wrong’?
24 Remember to magnify His work,
of which people have sung.
25 All mankind has seen it;
people gaze on it from afar.
26 Behold, God is exalted—beyond our knowledge!
The number of His years is unsearchable.
27 For He draws up the drops of water;
they distill rain into its mist,
28 which the clouds pour down
and shower mankind abundantly.
29 Indeed, who can understand the spreading of the clouds,
and the thunder from His pavilion?
30 “See how He scatters His lightning about Him,
covering the depths of the sea.
31 For by these, He judges peoples
and supplies food in abundance.
32 He covers His hands with lightning
and commands it to strike its target.
33 His thunder declares His presence,
the cattle also, about what is coming.
37 “At this my heart trembles
and leaps from its place.
2 Listen carefully to the roar of His voice,
the rumbling that comes from His mouth.
3 Under the whole heaven He lets it loose,
and His light to the ends of the earth.
4 After that a voice roars;
He thunders with His majestic voice.
He does not hold them back when His voice is heard.
5 God thunders wondrously with His voice;
He does great things beyond our comprehension.
6 “For to the snow He says, ‘Fall to the earth,’
and to the torrential rain—be a mighty downpour of rain.
7 He seals the hand of every man,
so that all men will know His work.
8 The animals go into their lairs;
they remain in their dens.
9 Out of its chamber comes the storm,
and icy cold from the driving wind.
10 From the breath of God frost is made,
and the watery expanse freezes.
11 He loads the cloud with moisture;
He scatters His cloud of lightning.
12 It swirls around by His guidance,
to do whatever He commands
on the face of the inhabited world.
13 Whether it is a rod of punishment
or for His land or for lovingkindness,
He causes it to happen.
14 “Listen to this, Job:
stand and consider God’s wonders.
15 Do you know how God orders them,
and makes the lightning flash in His cloud?
16 Do you know the balancing of clouds,
the wonders of Him who has perfect knowledge?
17 “You, whose clothes are hot,
when the earth is still, because of the south wind,
18 can you, with Him, stretch out the skies,
strong as a mirror of molten metal?
19 Teach us what to say to Him;
we cannot prepare a case because of the darkness.
20 Should He be informed that I want to speak?
If a man speaks, would he be swallowed up?
21 But now, they do not see the light,
bright as it is in the skies,
until the wind has passed
and cleared the clouds away.
22 Out of the north comes in golden splendor;
around God is awesome majesty.
23 Shaddai, we cannot find Him!
He is great in power and justice,
and abundant righteousness He does not oppress.
24 Therefore people fear Him;
He does not regard all the wise of heart.”
Word out of the Whirlwind
38 Then Adonai answered Job out of the whirlwind.
He said:
2 “Who is this, who darkens counsel
with words without knowledge?
3 Now gird up your loins like a man;
I will question you,
and you will inform Me!
4 “Where were you when I laid the foundations of earth?
Tell Me, if you have understanding.
5 Who set its dimensions—if you know—
or who stretched a line over it?
6 On what were its foundations set,
or who laid its cornerstone—
7 when the morning stars sang together,
and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
8 “And who shut up the sea behind doors
when it burst forth from the womb,
9 when I made a cloud its garment
and thick darkness its swaddling cloth,
10 when I prescribed my boundary for it,
and set bars and gates,
11 when I said, ‘This far you may come, but no further;
here your majestic waves will stop.’
12 “Have you ever in your life commanded the morning,
or caused dawn to know its place;
13 that it would take hold of the corners of the earth
and shake the wicked out of it?
14 It changes shape like clay under a seal—
they stand out like those of a garment.
15 And from the wicked their light is withheld,
and the upraised arm is broken.
16 “Have you gone to the springs of the sea,
or walked in the recesses of the deep?
17 Have the gates of death been revealed to you?
Have you seen the gates of the deepest darkness?
18 Have you comprehended the expanses of the earth?
If you know it all, declare it!
19 In what direction does light dwell,
and darkness, where is its place—
20 that you can take it to its borders,
and discern the paths to its home?
21 Surely you know, for you were born then;
and the number of your days is great!
22 “Have you entered the storehouses of snow
or seen the storehouses of hail,
23 which I reserved for a time of distress,
for a day of battle and war?
24 In what direction is light distributed,
or the east wind scattered over the earth?
25 Who cuts a channel for the flood,
and a path for the thunderstorm,
26 to cause it to rain on an uninhabited land,
a desert with no one in it,
27 to satisfy a devastated and desolate land,
and cause it to sprout grass?
28 Does the rain have a father,
or who has birthed the drops of dew?
29 From whose womb comes the ice?
Who gives birth to the frost of heaven,
30 when the waters hide like stone,
and the surface of the deep is frozen?
31 “Can you bind the chains of Pleiades
or loosen the belt of Orion?
32 Do you bring out the constellations in their season
or guide the Bear with her cubs?
33 Do you know the ordinances of the heavens?
Can you set up dominion over the earth?
34 “Can you raise your voice to the clouds
and cover yourself with an abundance of water?
35 Can you send out lightning bolts, so they go?
Will they say to you, ‘Here we are’?
36 Who put wisdom in the secret place
or gave understanding to the mind?
37 Who can count the clouds by wisdom,
or tip over the water jars of heaven,
38 when dust hardens into a mass
and clods of earth stick together?
39 “Do you hunt prey for the lioness
or satisfy the hunger of young lions,
40 when they crouch in their dens
or lie in wait in the thicket?
41 Who arranges provision for the raven,
when its young cry out to God,
and wander about for lack of food?
39 “Do you know when the mountain goats give birth?
Do you observe the calving doe?
2 Do you count the months they fulfill
and do you know the time when they give birth
3 when they kneel, bring forth their young,
and their labor pains end?
4 Their young thrive and grow strong in the open field;
They leaveand never return to them.
5 “Who sent the wild donkey free?
Who released the bonds of the wild ass,
6 to whom I gave the Arabah as its home,
the salt land as its dwelling place?
7 It scorns the commotion in the town;
it does not hear the taskmaster’s shouts.
8 It explores the mountains as its pasture
and searches after every green thing.
9 “Is the wild ox willing to serve you?
Will it spend the night at your manger?
10 Will you bind a wild ox to a furrow with his rope?
Will it plow valleys behind you?
11 Will you rely on it for its great strength?
Will you leave your labor to it?
12 Can you trust it to bring in your seed
and gather it to your threshing floor?
13 “The wings of the ostrich flap joyously,
but are they the pinions and plumage of a stork?
14 For she leaves her eggs on the ground
and lets them warm in the soil,
15 and forgets that a foot may crush them,
that a wild beast may trample them.
16 She treats her young ones harshly, as if they were not hers;
She is not concerned that her labor was in vain,
17 for God did not endow her with wisdom
or give her a share of understanding.
18 When she lifts herself to flee
she laughs at the horse and its rider.
19 “Do you give the horse its strength?
Do you clothe his neck with a mane?
20 Do you cause him to leap like locust?
His majestic snorting is terrifying!
21 He paws in the valley
and exalting in his strength he charges into the fray.
22 He laughs at fear and is not dismayed;
he does not recoil from the sword.
23 On him the quiver rattles;
the spear and javelin flash.
24 With quaking and excitement, he swallows up the ground.
He cannot stand still when the shofar sounds.
25 At the blast of the shofar, he says, ‘Aha!’
From a distance he smells battle,
the shout of the captains and the battle cry.
26 “Is it by your wisdom that the hawk soars,
spreading its wings toward the south?
27 Is it by your command that an eagle soars
and builds its nest high?
28 It dwells on a cliff
and spends the night there, on a rocky crag and stronghold.
29 From there it searches for food;
its eyes detect it from afar.
30 Its young ones suck up blood,
and where the slain are, there it is.”
Insignificant Before God
40 Then Adonai answered Job, saying:
2 “Will the one who contends with Shaddai correct him?
Let him who accuses God answer!”
3 Then Job answered Adonai. He said:
4 “Indeed, I am unworthy—what can I reply to You?
I put my hand over my mouth.
5 I spoke once, but I have no answer—
twice, but I will say no more.”
6 Then Adonai answered Job from the whirlwind:
7 “Brace yourself like a man;
I will question you,
and you will inform Me!
8 “Would you really annul My judgment?
Would you condemn Me to justify yourself?
9 Do you have an arm like God’s
and can you thunder with a voice like His?
10 Then adorn yourself in majesty and dignity;
clothe yourself in splendor and honor.
11 Scatter the fury of your anger.
Look at every proud personand bring him low;
12 look at everyone who is proud and humble him;
tread down the wicked where they stand.
13 Hide them together in the dust
bind their faces in the hidden place.
14 Then I—even I will acknowledge to you,
that your own right hand can save you!
Behemoth and Leviathan
15 “Look now at Behemoth, which I made along with you.
He eats grass like an ox.
16 Now look at his strength in his loins,
and his power in the muscles of his belly.
17 He stiffens his tail like a cedar;
the sinews of his thighs are knit together.
18 His bones are tubes of bronze;
His limbs like rods of iron.
19 He is first among the ways of God,
Let his Maker draw near with His sword!
20 For the mountains bring him food,
and all the wild animals play there.
21 Under the lotus plants he lies down,
in the secrecy of the reeds and marsh.
22 The lotuses conceal him in their shade;
the willows of the brook surround him.
23 If the river rages, he is not alarmed.
He is secure, even though the Jordan surges against his mouth.
24 Can anyone capture it by its eyes,
or pierce his nose with hooks?
25 “Can you pull in Leviathan with a hook,[af]
or tie down his tongue with a cord?
26 Can you put a reed rope in his nose
or pierce his jaw with a hook?
27 Will he make many supplications to you,
or speak softly to you?
28 Will he make a covenant with you,
so you can take him as a slave forever?
29 Can you play with him like a bird,
or put him on a leash for your girls?
30 Will traders barter for him?
Will they divide him among the merchants?
31 Can you fill his hide with harpoons
or his head with fishing spears?
32 If you lay your hands on him—
you will remember the battle and never do it again!
41 “See, his hope is wrong,
he is laid low, even the sight of him.
2 Is he not fierce when he is roused?
Who then is able to stand before Me?
3 Who has confronted Me that I should repay?[ag]
Everything under heaven belongs to Me.
4 “I will not keep silent about his limbs,
or his might or the grace of his arrangement.
5 Who can strip off his outer garment?
Who can penetrate his double armor?
6 Who can open the doors of his face,
ringed with fearsome teeth?
7 His rows of shields are his pride,
shut up closely as with tight seal;
8 each so close to the next,
that no air can pass between.
9 They are joined one to another;
they clasp each other and cannot be separated.
10 “He sneezes out flashes of light;
his eyes are like the eyelids of dawn.
11 Out of his mouth go flames,
sparks of fire shoot out.
12 Smoke pours from his nostrils,
as a boiling pot over burning reeds.
13 His breath sets coals ablaze
and flames dart from his mouth.
14 “Strength resides in his neck;
dismay runs before him.
15 The folds of his flesh are tightly joined;
they are firm on him, immovable.
16 His heart is hard as rock,
hard as a lower millstone.
17 “When he rises up, the mighty are afraid;
at his crashing they retreat.
18 A sword that reaches him has no effect—
nor with a spear, dart, or javelin.
19 He regards iron as straw,
bronze as rotten wood.
20 Arrows do not make him flee;
sling stones become like chaff to him.
21 A club is regarded as stubble;
he laughs at the rattling of a lance.
22 “His undersides are jagged potsherds,
leaving a trail like a threshing sledge in mud.
23 He makes the deep boil like a cauldron
and stirs up the sea like a pot of ointment.
24 He leaves a shining wake behind him;
one would think the deep had white hair.
25 Nothing on dry land is his equal—
a creature without fear.
26 He sees every haughty thing;
he is king over all who are proud.”
Job Retracts
42 Job answered Adonai and said:
2 “I know You can do all things;
no purpose of Yours can be thwarted.
3 You ask, ‘Who is this,
who darkens counsel without knowledge?’
Surely I spoke without understanding,
things too wonderful for me which I did not know.
4 You said, ‘Hear now, and I will speak;
I will question you,
and you will inform Me.’
5 I had heard of You by the hearing of the ear;
but now my eye has seen You.
6 Therefore I despise myself,
and repent on dust and ashes.”
Job Restored
7 After Adonai had spoken these words to Job, Adonai said to Eliphaz the Temanite, “My anger is kindled against you and against your two friends, because you have not spoken about Me what is right, like My servant Job has. 8 So now, take for yourselves seven young bulls and seven rams and go to My servant Job and offer a burnt offering for yourselves. My servant Job will pray for you, for I will accept Job’s prayer[ah] and not deal with you according to your folly because you have not spoken correctly about Me, like My servant Job.”
9 So Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite went and did what Adonai told them; and Adonai accepted Job’s prayer.
10 So Adonai restored what Job had lost, after he prayed for his friends and Adonai doubled everything that Job had before. 11 Then all his brothers, all his sisters and everyone who had known him before, came to him and ate bread with him in his house. They consoled him and comforted him for all the calamity that Adonai had brought upon him. Each of them gave him a piece of money and a gold ring.
12 So Adonai blessed Job’s latter days more than at his beginning. He had 14,000 sheep, 6,000 camels, 1,000 yoke of oxen and 1,000 female donkeys. 13 He also had seven sons and three daughters. 14 He called the name of the first Jemimah, the name of the second Keziah, and the name of the third Keren-happuch. 15 Nowhere in the land were there found women as beautiful as the daughters of Job. Their father gave them an inheritance along with their brothers.
16 After this, Job lived 140 years; he saw his children and their children for four generations. 17 And so Job died, old and full of days.
1 The song of songs[ai] of Solomon
A Bride Sings of Her Lover
2 Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth!
For your love is better than wine.
3 Your ointments have a pleasing fragrance.
Your name is poured out like perfume.
No wonder maidens love you!
4 Draw me after you, let us run!
The king has brought me into his chambers.
Chorus: Daughters of Zion
Let us rejoice and be glad in you;
let us extol your love more than wine.
Rightly do they love you!
The Bride
5 I am black, but beautiful,
O daughters of Jerusalem,
like the tents of Kedar,
like the curtains of Solomon.
6 Do not gaze at me because I am dark,
because the sun has looked on me.
My mother’s sons were angry with me
and made me keeper of the vineyards;
my very own vineyard I have not kept.
7 Tell me, the one my soul loves,
where you graze your flock,
where you make it lie down at noon?
Why should I be as one veiled
beside the flocks of your companions?
The Lover and Bride Express Affection
8 If you yourself do not know,
O most beautiful among women,
go out yourself in the footsteps of the flock
and graze your kids by the shepherds’ tents.
9 I compare you, my darling,
to my mare among Pharaoh’s chariots.
10 Your cheeks are lovely with ornaments,
your neck with strings of beads.
11 Ornaments of gold we will make for you
with spangles of silver.
12 While the king is on his couch,
my nard spreads its fragrance.[aj]
13 My lover is my pouch of myrrh,
passing the night between my breasts.
14 My love is to me a spray of henna blooms
in the vineyards of En-gedi.
15 How lovely you are, my darling, how lovely!
Your eyes are doves.
16 How handsome you are, my lover!
Oh, so delightful!
Yes, our couch is luxuriant.
17 The beams of our houses are cedar trees,
our panels are cypress trees.
2 I am a rose of Sharon,
a lily of the valleys.
2 Like a lily among thorns,
so is my darling among the daughters.
3 Like an apple tree among the trees of the forest,
so is my lover among the sons.
In his shadow I delighted to sit,
and his fruit was sweet to my taste.
4 He has brought me to the banquet house
and his banner over me is love.
5 Sustain me with raisin cakes,
refresh me with apples—
for I am weak with love.
6 His left hand is under my head
and his right hand embraces me.
7 Daughters of Jerusalem, I charge you,
by the gazelles and does of the field:
Do not arouse or awaken love until it delights.
8 The voice of my lover!
Behold, he is coming—
leaping over the mountains,
springing over the hills!
9 My lover is like a gazelle
or a young buck among the stags.
Look! He is standing behind our wall—
gazing through the windows,
peering through the lattice.
10 In response my lover said to me:
“Get yourself up, my darling,
my pretty one, and come, come![ak]
11 For behold, the winter has past,
the rain is over, it has gone.
12 Blossoms appear in the land,
the time of singing has come,
and the voice of the turtle-dove
is heard in our land.
13 The fig tree ripens its early figs.
The blossoming vines give off their fragrance.
Arise, come, my darling,
my pretty one, and come, come!
14 My dove, in the clefts of the rock,
in a secret place along the steep path,
let me see your form,
let me hear your voice.
For your voice is sweet
and your form is lovely.”
15 Catch the foxes for us—
the little foxes that ruin the vineyards,
for our vineyards are in blossom.
The Bride’s Revelry
16 My lover is mine, and I am his!
He grazes his flocks among the lilies.
17 Until the day cools
and the shadows flee away,
turn about, my lover,
like a gazelle or like a stag
upon the mountains of spices.
3 On my bed in the night
I longed for the one my soul loves.
I looked for him but did not find him.
2 I will get up and go about the city,
into the streets and into the squares.
I must seek the one my soul loves.
I looked for him but did not find him.
3 The guards patrolling the city found me.
“Have you seen the one my soul loves?”
4 Hardly had I passed beyond them
when I found the one my soul loves.
I held him, and I would not let him go,
until I brought him to my mother’s house,
to the chamber of her who conceived me.
5 Daughters of Jerusalem, I charge you,
by the gazelles and does of the field:
Do not arouse or awaken love
until it delights.
The King on his Wedding Day
6 Who is this—she who is coming up from the wilderness
like columns of smoke,
perfumed with myrrh and frankincense,
with every powder of the merchant?
7 Behold, it is Solomon’s traveling couch—
around it are sixty warriors
from the warriors of Israel.
8 All of them wield a sword,
experts in war.
Each man with his sword on his thigh
against terrors of the night.
9 King Solomon has made for himself
a carriage from the trees of Lebanon.
10 He made its posts of silver, its back of gold,
its seat of purple cloth,
its interior fitted out with love
by the daughters of Jerusalem.
11 Go out, daughters of Zion,
and gaze upon King Solomon,
with a wreath his mother placed on him
on the day of his marriage—
on the day of his heart’s joy.
The King Delights in His Bride
4 How lovely you are, my darling, how lovely!
Your eyes are doves behind your veil.
Your hair is like a flock of ewe goats
descending down from Mount Gilead.
2 Your teeth are like a flock of shorn ewes
coming up from washing.
Each of them has a twin,
and none among them is missing.
3 Your lips are like a scarlet thread
and your speech is lovely.
Your temple is like a slice of pomegranate
behind your veil.
4 Like the tower of David is your neck,
built for weapons.
A thousand shields are hung on it
—all shields of warriors.
5 Your two breasts are like two fawns,
like twin gazelles
grazing among the lilies.
6 Until the day cools
and the shadows flee away,
I will go to the mountain of myrrh
and to the hill of frankincense.
7 You are altogether lovely, my darling,
and no blemish is in you.[al]
8 Come with me from Lebanon, my bride,
come with me from Lebanon.
Watch from the top of Amana,
from the top of Senir, even Hermon,
from lions’ dens,
from mountains of leopards.
9 You have captivated my heart,
my sister, my bride—
you captivated me
with one of your eyes,
with one jewel from your necklace.
10 How delightful is your love,
my sister, my bride!
How much better is your love than wine,
and the fragrance of your oils
better than all spices!
11 Your lips, my bride,
drip honey from the honeycomb.
Honey and milk
are under your tongue.
The scent of your garments
is like the aroma of Lebanon.
12 A locked garden is my sister, my bride,
an enclosed spring, a sealed fountain.
13 Your shoots are an orchard of pomegranates
with choice fruit,
henna with nard
14 —nard and saffron,
calamus and cinnamon—
with all the trees of frankincense,
myrrh and aloes,
along with all the finest spices—
15 a garden spring,
a well of living water[am]
and flowing streams from Lebanon.
16 Awake, north wind,
and come, south wind!
Blow on my garden,
Let its fragrance spread out.
Let my lover come into his garden
and eat its choicest fruit.
Awake and Waiting
5 I have come into my garden,
my sister, my bride.
I have gathered my myrrh with my spice.
I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey.
I have drunk my wine with my milk.
Eat, O friends,
Drink, yes, drink your fill, O lovers!
2 I sleep, but my heart is awake.
A voice! My lover is knocking!
“Open to me, my sister, my darling,
my dove, my perfect one!
For my head is drenched with dew,
my locks with dewdrops of night.”
3 I have stripped off my coat.
How can I put it on again?
I have washed my feet.
How can I soil them?
4 My lover extended his hand through the opening
—my heart yearned for him.
5 I rose to open for my lover.
My hands dripped with myrrh,
yes, my fingers with flowing myrrh,
on the handles of the lock.
6 I opened to my lover—
but my lover had departed,
he was gone!
My soul went out to him when he spoke.
I searched for him, but did not find him.
I called him, but he did not answer me.
7 The guards making rounds in the city found me.
They beat me, bruised me.
The guards on the walls took my veil from me.
8 Daughters of Jerusalem, I charge you,
if you should find my lover,
what will you tell him?
That I am sick from love!
9 How is your lover different from other lovers,
O most beautiful among women?
How is your lover different from other lovers
that you charge us so?
10 My lover is dazzling and ruddy,
standing out among ten thousand.
11 His head is purest gold,
his hair is wavy,
black as a raven.
12 His eyes are like doves
beside streams of water,
washed with milk,
mounted in their settings.
13 His cheeks are like a bed of spice,
towers of sweet-scented perfume.
His lips are lilies,
dripping with liquid myrrh.
14 His hands are rods of gold set with jasper.
His abdomen is carved ivory
inlaid with sapphires.
15 His legs are pillars of alabaster
set on bases of pure gold.
His appearance is like Lebanon—
excellent like the cedars.
16 His mouth is sweetness.
Yes, he is totally desirable.
This is my lover! Yes, this is my friend,
O daughters of Jerusalem.
6 Where has your lover gone,
most beautiful among women?
Where has your lover turned,
so we may seek him with you?
2 My lover went down to his garden,
to the beds of balsam
to graze his flocks in the gardens
and to gather lilies.
3 I am my beloved’s and my beloved is mine.
He browses among the lilies.
Acclaiming the Bride’s Beauty
4 You are beautiful, my darling,
like Tirzah,
lovely as Jerusalem,
awesome as an army with banners.
5 Turn your eyes away from me,
for they overwhelm me!
Your hair is like a flock of ewe goats
descending down from Gilead.
6 Your teeth are like a flock of ewes
that have come up from the washing.
Each of them has a twin,
and none among them is missing.
7 Your temple is like a slice of pomegranate
behind your veil.
8 There are sixty queens, eighty concubines,
and young women beyond number.
9 Yet my dove, my perfect one is unique.
She is her mother’s only one—
a virtuous child of the one who bore her.
Maidens saw her and called her blessed.
Queens and concubines praised her.
10 Who is this that appears like dawn?
As beautiful as the moon,
bright as the sun,
awesome as an army with banners.
11 I went down into the garden of nut trees
to look at the fruit of the valley,
to see if the vine had budded,
or the pomegranates had bloomed.
12 Before I was aware, my soul set me
among the chariots of my princely people.
7 Come back, come back, O Shulammite!
Come back, come back,
that we may look upon you.
Why do you gaze at the Shulammite
like the dance of Mahanaim?
2 How lovely are your sandaled feet,
O nobleman’s daughter!
The curves of your thighs are like jewels,
the work of a craftsman’s hand.
3 Your navel is a round goblet,
may it not lack mixed wine.
Your belly is a heap of wheat
enclosed with lilies.
4 Your two breasts are like two fawns,
twins of a gazelle.
5 Your neck is like an ivory tower.
Your eyes are pools in Heshbon
near the gate of Bath-rabbim.
Your nose is like a tower of Lebanon
overlooking Damascus.
6 Your head crowns you like Carmel,
and the hair of your head like purple.
The king is captivated in its tresses!
7 How beautiful and how pleasing you are,
O Love, with your delights!
8 Your stature is like a date palm
and your breasts like its clusters.
9 I said, “I will climb the date palm
and take hold of its fruit.”
May your breasts be like clusters of the vine,
the fragrance of your breath like apple.
The Bride’s Appeal
10 May your mouth be like the best wine,
going down smoothly for my beloved,
causing the lips of sleepers to speak.
11 I am my lover’s,
and his desire is for me.
12 Come, my beloved,
let us go out into the field.
Let us spend the night in the villages.
13 Let us go out early to the vineyards,
—let us see if the vine has budded,
if their blossoms have opened,
and if the pomegranates have bloomed—
there I will give you my love.
14 The mandrakes have given off fragrance,
and over our door is every choice fruit,
both new and old,
that I have stored up for you, my lover.
8 O, that you were like a brother to me,
who nursed at my mother’s breasts.
If I found you outside, I would kiss you,
and no one would despise me.
2 I would lead you
and bring you into my mother’s house—
she who has taught me.
I would give you spiced wine to drink
from the nectar of my pomegranate.
3 O that his left hand were under my head,
and his right hand embraced me.
4 I charge you, daughters of Jerusalem,
Do not arouse or awaken love
until it so delights.
Protecting Love
5 Who is this coming up from the wilderness leaning on her lover?
Under the apple tree I roused you.
There your mother travailed with you.
There she who was in labor gave you birth.
6 Set me like a seal over your heart,
like a seal on your arm.
For love is as strong as death,
jealousy as cruel as Sheol.
Its flames are bolts of fire,
the flame of Adonai.
7 Many waters cannot quench love,
nor rivers wash it away.
If one gave all the wealth of his house for love,
it would be utterly despised.
8 We have a little sister,
still without breasts.
What shall we do for our sister
on the day when she is spoken for?
9 If she is a wall,
we will build on her a turret of silver.
If she is a door,
we will fence her in with cedar plank.
10 I am a wall,
and my breasts like towers.
Thus I have become in his eyes
as one bringing shalom.
11 Solomon had a vineyard at Baal-hamon.
He entrusted the vineyard to caretakers.
Each was to bring for his fruit
a thousand pieces of silver.
12 My very own vineyard is before me.
The thousand are for you, Solomon,
and two hundred for those
who tend the fruit.
13 You who abide in the gardens,
friends are listening for your voice.
Let me hear it!
14 Come quickly, my beloved,
and be like a gazelle or a young stag on the mountains of spices!
Elimelech’s Family in Moab
1 It came to pass in the days when judges were governing, there was a famine in the land. A man went from the town of Bethlehem[an] in Judah to dwell in the region of Moab with his wife and his two sons. 2 The man’s name was Elimelech, his wife’s name was Naomi, and his two sons were named Mahlon and Chilion. They were Ephratites from Bethlehem in Judah. They came to the region of Moab and remained there.
3 Then Naomi’s husband Elimelech died, so she was left with her two sons. 4 They married Moabite women—one was named Orpah and the second was named Ruth, and they dwelt there about ten years. 5 Then those two, Mahlon and Chilion, also died. So the woman was left without her children and her husband.
6 Then she got up, along with her daughters-in-law to return from the region of Moab, because in the region of Moab she had heard that Adonai had taken note of His people and given them food. 7 So she left the place where she was, along with her two daughters-in-law, and they started out on the road to return to the land of Judah.
8 So Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go, return each of you to your mother’s house. May Adonai show you the same kindness that you have shown to the dead and to me. 9 May Adonai grant that you find rest, each of you in the house of her own husband.” Then she kissed them and they wept loudly.
10 “No!” they said to her, “we will return with you to your people.”
11 Now Naomi said, “Go back, my daughters! Why should you go with me? Do I have more sons in my womb who could become your husbands? 12 Go home, my daughters! I am too old to have a husband. Even if I were to say that there was hope for me and I could get married tonight, and then bore sons, 13 would you wait for them to grow up? Would you therefore hold off getting married? No, my daughters, it is more bitter for me than for you—for the hand of Adonai has gone out against me!”
14 Again they broke into loud weeping. Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law goodbye. But Ruth clung to her. 15 She said, “Look, your sister-in-law is going back to her people and her gods. Return, along with your sister-in-law!”
Ruth’s Covenant With Naomi
16 Ruth replied,
“Do not plead with me to abandon you,
to turn back from following you.
For where you go, I will go,
and where you stay, I will stay.
Your people will be my people,
and your God my God.
17 Where you die, I will die,
and there I will be buried.
May Adonai deal with me, and worse,
if anything but death comes between me and you!”
18 When she saw that Ruth was determined to go with her, she no longer spoke to Ruth about it.
19 So the two of them went on until they arrived in Bethlehem. As soon as they arrived in Bethlehem the whole city was excited because of them, and the women asked, “Is this Naomi?”
20 “Do not call me Naomi,” she told them. “Call me Mara—since Shaddai has made my life bitter. [ao] 21 I went away full, but Adonai has brought me back empty. Why should you call me Naomi, since Adonai has testified against me and Shaddai has brought calamity on me?”
22 So Naomi and her daughter-in-law Ruth the Moabitess returned from the region of Moab. They arrived in Bethlehem at the beginning of the barley harvest.
Gleaning in Boaz’s Field
2 Now, Naomi had a relative on her husband’s side—from Elimelech’s family—a prominent man of substance whose name was Boaz.
2 Ruth the Moabitess, said to Naomi, “Please let me go out to the field and glean grain behind anyone in whose eyes I may find favor.”
Naomi said to her, “Go ahead, my daughter.” 3 So Ruth went out and gleaned in the field behind the reapers. She just so happened to be in the field of Boaz, who was from Elimelech’s family.
4 Soon after Boaz arrived from Bethlehem, he said to the harvesters, “Adonai be with you.”
They replied, “May Adonai bless you.”
5 Then Boaz asked the foreman of his harvesters, “Whose young woman is this?”
6 “She is a Moabite woman who came back with Naomi from the region of Moab,” the foreman replied. 7 “She asked ‘Please allow me to glean and gather among the barley sheaves behind the harvesters.’ So she came and has been working in the field since morning until now, except for a little while in the shelter.”
8 Then Boaz said to Ruth, “Listen to me, my daughter. Do not go to glean in another field or even pass on from here, but stay close to my female workers. 9 Keep your eyes on the field that they are harvesting, and follow after them. I strongly ordered the young men not to touch you. When you are thirsty, you can go to the jars and drink from the water the young men have drawn.”
10 Then she fell upon her face, bowing to the ground, and said to him, “Why have I found favor in your eyes that you have noticed me, even though I am a foreigner?”
11 Boaz replied and said to her, “All that you have done for your mother-in-law since your husband’s death has been fully reported to me—how you left your father and mother and the land of your birth, and came to a people you did not know before. 12 May Adonai repay you for what you have done, and may you be fully rewarded by Adonai, God of Israel, under whose wings you have come to take refuge.”
13 She said, “May I continue to find favor in your eyes, my lord, for you have comforted me and spoken kindly to your maidservant, even though I am not one of your maidservants.”
14 At mealtime Boaz said to her, “Come over here and eat some bread and dip your piece into the wine vinegar.” So she sat beside the harvesters and he held out to her roasted grain. She ate until she was full, and some was still left. 15 When she got up to glean, Boaz gave orders to his workers saying, “Let her glean even among the sheaves, do not humiliate her. 16 Also be sure to pull out some grain for her from the sheaves and leave them for her to pick up, and do not rebuke her.”
17 So she gleaned in the field until evening. When she thrashed what she had gathered, there was about an ephah of barley. 18 She carried it back to town, where her mother-in-law saw what she had gleaned. Ruth took some out and gave her what was left over after eating her fill.
19 Her mother-in-law asked her, “Where did you glean today? Where did you work? May the one who noticed you be blessed!”
She told her mother-in-law with whom she had worked and she said, “The name of the man for whom I worked is Boaz.”
20 So Naomi said to her daughter-in-law, “May he be blessed by Adonai who has not stopped his kindness to the living or to the dead.” Then Naomi said to her, “This man is closely related to us, one of our kinsmen-redeemers.”[ap]
21 Then Ruth the Moabitess said, “He even said to me, ‘Stay close to my workers until they have finished the entire harvest.’”
22 Naomi answered her daughter-in-law Ruth, “It is good, my daughter-in-law, that you go out with his female workers, so that you will not be harmed in another field.”
23 So she stayed close to Boaz’s female workers, gleaning until both the barley harvest and the wheat harvest were completed. Meanwhile she lived with her mother-in-law.
Naomi the Matchmaker
3 Naomi her mother-in-law said to her “My daughter, should I not be seeking a resting place for you, so it may go well for you? 2 Now, is Boaz, with whose female workers you have been, not our relative? Look, he will be winnowing barley tonight at the threshing floor. 3 So bathe and perfume yourself, put on your cloak and go down to the threshing floor. But do not make yourself known to the man until he has finished eating and drinking. 4 Let it be that when he lies down and you know the place where he lies down, go uncover his feet and lie down there. He will tell you what to do.”
5 Ruth answered her, “I will do everything you say.” 6 So she went down to the threshing floor and did everything her mother-in-law had said.
7 After Boaz ate, drank, and was in a good mood, he went to lie down at the far side of the grain pile. So she came to the grain pile quietly, uncovered his feet, and lay down. 8 Now in the middle of the night, the man was startled and pulled back—and to his surprise, a woman was lying at his feet!
9 “Who are you?” he asked.
“I am Ruth, your handmaid,” she answered. “Spread the corner of your garment over your handmaid, for you are a goel.”
10 “May you be blessed by Adonai, my daughter!” he replied. “You have made the latter act of loyalty greater than the first, by not running after the young men, whether rich or poor. 11 Now my daughter, do not be afraid! Everything you propose, I will do for you, for everyone in town knows that you are a woman of valor. 12 Although it is true that I am a goel, there is one who is a closer goel than me. 13 Stay here tonight, and in the morning, if he will be your goel—good! Let him do so. But if he is not willing to be your goel, then I will be your goel myself, as surely as Adonai lives. Lie down until morning.”
14 So she lay at his feet until morning, but got up before one person could be distinguished from another, for he said, “Do not let it be known that the woman came to the threshing floor.” 15 Then he said, “Bring the cloak you are wearing and hold it out.” She held it out and he poured six measures of barley into it and put it on her. Then he returned to town.
16 When Ruth came back to her mother-in-law, Naomi asked, “How did it go, my daughter?”
So Ruth told her all that the man had done for her. 17 She said “He gave me six measures of barley, for he said, ‘You shouldn’t go back to your mother-in-law empty-handed.’”
18 “Wait, my daughter,” Naomi said, “until you find out how the matter turns out, for he will not rest until he has settled the matter today.”
Who Will Redeem?
4 Meanwhile Boaz had gone up to the gate and sat down there. And all of a sudden, the goel about whom Boaz had spoken passed by. “Come over,” he called, “and sit down here, my friend.” So he came over and sat down.
2 Then Boaz took ten of the town’s elders and said, “Sit down here,” so they sat down. 3 Then he said to the goel, “Naomi, who has returned from the region of Moab, is selling the parcel of land that belongs to our brother Elimelech. 4 I thought I should inform you saying, ‘Buy it in the presence of the people sitting here, and in the presence of the elders of my people. If you want to redeem it, redeem it. But if it will not be redeemed, then tell me, so that I can know, because there is no one else in line to redeem it. I am after you.’”
“I will redeem it,” he said.
5 Then Boaz said, “On the day you buy the field from Naomi’s hand, you will also acquire Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the deceased, in order to raise up the name of the deceased over his inheritance.”
6 The kinsman said, “Then I cannot redeem it for myself, or else I might endanger my own inheritance. You, take my right of redemption for yourself, for I cannot redeem it.”
7 Now in the past in Israel, one removed his sandal and gave it to another, in order to finalize the redemption and transfer of a matter. This was a legal transaction in Israel.
8 So the kinsman said to Boaz, “Buy it for yourself,” then took off his shoe.
9 Boaz announced to the elders and all the people: “You are witnesses today that I have bought from Naomi all that belonged to Elimelech and all that belonged to Chilion and Mahlon. 10 Moreover, I have acquired Ruth the Moabitess, the widow of Mahlon to be my wife in order to raise up the name of the deceased over his inheritance, so that the name of the deceased will not be cut off from his brothers or from the gate of his town. You are witnesses today.”
11 All the people at the gate and the elders said, “We are witnesses. May Adonai make the woman who has come into your house like Rachel and like Leah, who both built up the house of Israel. May you prosper in Ephrath and be renowned in Bethlehem. 12 May your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah,[aq] through the seed that Adonai will give you by this young woman.”
13 So Boaz took Ruth, and she became his wife. When he went to her, Adonai enabled her to conceive, and she gave birth to a son. 14 Then the women said to Naomi, “Blessed be Adonai, who has not left you without a goel today. May his name be famous throughout Israel. 15 Moreover, He will be to you a renewer of life and a sustainer of your old age, for your daughter-in-law, who loves you and is better to you than seven sons, has given birth to him.”
16 Naomi took the child and held it to her bosom, and took care of him. 17 The neighboring women gave him a name saying “A son has been born to Naomi!” So they called him Obed. He was the father of Jesse, the father of David.
18 These are the generations of Perez: Perez fathered Hezron, 19 Hezron fathered Ram, Ram fathered Amminadab, 20 Amminadab fathered Nahshon, Nahshon fathered Salmon, 21 Salmon fathered Boaz, Boaz fathered Obed, 22 Obed fathered Jesse, and Jesse fathered David.
Song of Jerusalem’s Groaning
1 How lonely sits the city,
once so full of people!
She who was once great among the nations
has become like a widow.
The princess among the provinces
has become a forced laborer.
2 Bitterly she weeps in the night,
her tears are on her cheeks.
Among all her lovers,
there is no one to comfort her.
All her friends have betrayed her.
They have become her enemies!
3 Judah is gone into exile
under affliction and great servitude.
She dwells among the nations.
She finds no resting place.
All her pursuers have overtaken her
in the midst of her distress.
4 The roads to Zion mourn
for no one comes to her moadim.
All her gates are desolate.
Her kohanim groan,
her maidens[ar] grieve—
she is in bitter anguish.
5 Her foes have become her masters.
Her enemies are at ease.
For Adonai has afflicted her,
because of her many transgressions.
Her children have gone away
as captives before the adversary.
6 All her splendor has departed,
from the daughter of Zion.
Her princes are like stags
that find no pasture.
They have fled without strength
before the pursuer.
7 In the days of her affliction
and her wandering,
Jerusalem remembers all the treasures
that were hers from the days of old.
When her people fell into enemy hands,
there was no one to help her.
Her enemies saw her
and mocked at her destruction.
8 Jerusalem has greatly sinned—
therefore, she has become niddah.
All who honored her despise her,
for they have seen her nakedness.
She herself groans,
and turns away.
9 Her uncleanness was in her skirts.
She did not consider her future.
Her demise was astonishing,
there was no one to comfort her.
“Adonai, see my affliction,
for the enemy has triumphed!”
10 The enemy has stretched his hand
over all her treasures.
She even saw nations
enter her sanctuary—
those You had commanded
not to enter Your congregation.
11 All her people groan,
as they seek bread.
They traded their treasures for food
to keep themselves alive.
“Look, Adonai, and see!
For I have become despised!”
12 “Is it nothing to you,
all you who pass by on the road?
Look and see!
Is any suffering like my suffering
that was brought on me,
that Adonai has inflicted
in the day of His fierce anger?
13 From on high He sent fire into my bones
and it overcame them.
He spread out a net for my feet;
He turned me back.
He made me desolate,
faint all the day long.
14 My transgressions are bound into a yoke,
woven together by His hand.
They have come upon my neck
and He has sapped my strength.
The Lord delivered me over
to those I cannot withstand.
15 The Lord has rejected
all the mighty ones in my midst.
He has summoned an assembly against me
to crush my young men.
In a winepress the Lord has trampled[as]
the virgin daughter of Judah.
16 Over these things I weep.
My eyes overflow with water.
For far from me is a comforter,
who might refresh my soul.
My children are desolate,
because the enemy has prevailed.”
17 Zion spreads out her hands—
there is no one to comfort her.
Adonai has decreed against Jacob.
Those surrounding him have become his foes;
Jerusalem has become
niddah in their eyes.
18 “Adonai is righteous,
for I have rebelled against His word.
Hear now, all peoples—
look at my suffering!
My maidens and my young men
have gone into captivity.
19 I called to my lovers—
they deceived me!
My kohanim and my elders
perished in the city
when they sought food
to keep themselves alive.
20 Look, Adonai, for I am in distress!
My stomach churns,
my heart pounds within me,
for I have been very rebellious.
Outside, the sword bereaves,
in the house it is like death.
21 They have heard me groaning.
There is no one to comfort me.
All my enemies heard of my distress,
They rejoice that You have done it.
May You bring about the day that You proclaimed,
so they may become like me!
22 Let all their evil come before You.
Deal with them as you dealt with me,
because of all my transgressions.
For my groans are many
and my heart is faint!”
Lament for Zion
2 How my Lord has clouded over
the daughter of Zion in His anger!
He hurled down the splendor of Israel
from heaven to earth.
He has not remembered His footstool
in the day of His anger.
2 My Lord has mercilessly swallowed up
all the dwellings of Jacob.
He threw down the strongholds
of the daughter of Judah in His fury.
He knocked to the ground and humiliated
the kingdom and its princes.
3 In fierce anger He has cut off
every horn of Israel.
He has withdrawn His right hand
from before the enemy.
He blazed against Jacob like raging fire,
devouring everything around.
4 He bent His bow like an enemy,
set His right hand like a foe,
and killed all those pleasant to the eye.
In the tent of the daughter of Zion
He has poured out His wrath like fire.
5 My Lord is like an enemy.
He has swallowed up Israel.
He swallowed up all her citadels,
destroyed her fortifications
and multiplied mourning and moaning
for the daughter of Judah.
6 Like the garden He laid waste His dwelling,
destroyed His appointed meeting place.
Adonai has caused moed and Shabbat
to be forgotten in Zion.
In the indignation of His anger
He spurned king and kohen.
7 The Lord rejected His altar,
despised His Sanctuary.
He has delivered the walls of her citadels
into the hand of the enemy.
They raised a shout in the house of Adonai
as if it were the day of a moed.
8 Adonai resolved to destroy
the wall of the daughter of Zion.
He stretched out a measuring line.
He did not withdraw His hand from destroying.
He caused rampart and wall to lament—
together they languished away.
9 Her gates sank into the ground.
Her bars He destroyed and shattered.
Her king and princes are among nations.
There is no more Torah.
Also her prophets find
no vision from Adonai.
10 The elders of the daughter of Zion
sit upon the ground in silence.
They threw dust on their heads
and girded themselves with sackcloth.
The maidens of Jerusalem
have bowed their heads to the ground.
11 My eyes are filled with tears.
My stomach is in torment.
My heart[at] is poured out on the ground
over the destruction of the daughter of my people—
as young children and infants
languish in the city squares.
12 They say to their mothers,
“Where is grain and wine?”
as they faint like a wounded soldier
in the city squares,
as their lives ebb away
in their mothers’ bosom.
13 How can I admonish you?
To what can I compare you,
O daughter of Jerusalem?
To what can I liken you, so that I might console you,
O virgin daughter of Zion?
For your wound is as deep as the sea!
Who can heal you?
14 Your prophets have seen for you
false and worthless visions.
They did not expose your iniquity,
so as to restore your captivity.
Rather, they have seen for you
false and worthless oracles.
15 All who pass your way
clap their hands at you.
They hiss and shake their heads
at the daughter of Jerusalem.
“Is this the city of which they said,
‘The perfection of beauty,’
‘the joy of the whole earth’?”
16 All your enemies
opened their mouth wide against you;
they hissed and gnashed their teeth,
and say, “We have swallowed her up!
Surely this is the day we have waited for;
we have lived to see it!”
17 Adonai has done what He planned;
He has fulfilled His word
that He commanded from days of old.
He has overthrown you without pity,
He enabled the enemy to gloat over you.
He has exalted the horn of your foes.
18 Their heart cried out to the Lord:
O wall of the daughter of Zion,
let tears run down
like a river day and night.
Give yourself no relief,
your eyes no rest.
19 Arise! Cry out in the night
at the beginning of the watches!
Pour out your heart like water
before the presence of the Lord.
Lift up your hands to Him
for the life of your children
who faint from hunger
at the head of every street.
20 Look, Adonai, and consider
with whom You have dealt so severely!
Should women eat their offspring,
their healthy newborn infants?
Should kohen and prophet be slain
in the Sanctuary of the Lord?
21 On the ground in the streets
lie both young and old.
My maidens and my young men
have fallen by the sword.
You slew them in the day of Your anger.
You slaughtered them without pity.
22 As on a moed day, You summon
against me terrors on every side.
On the day of the wrath of Adonai
no one escaped or survived.
Those whom I bore and raised
my enemy has destroyed.
3 I am the strong man who has seen affliction
by the rod of His wrath.
2 He has driven me and made me walk
in darkness and not light.
3 Surely, He has turned His hand against me
again and again all day long.
4 He made my flesh and my skin
waste away, broken my bones.
5 He has besieged me and surrounded me
with bitterness and hardship.
6 He made me dwell in dark places
like those long dead.
7 He has walled me in so I cannot get out.
He made my chain heavy.
8 Even when I cry out and call for help,
He shuts out my prayer.
9 He walled in my ways with hewn stone.
He twisted my paths.
10 He is a lurking bear to me,
a lion in hiding.
11 He turned aside my paths and tore me to pieces.
He has made me desolate.
12 He bent His bow and made me
the target for His arrow.
13 He shot into my kidneys
arrows from His quiver.
14 I have become a laughing stock
to all my people,
their song all day long.
15 He has filled me with bitterness
and made me drink wormwood.
16 He broke my teeth with gravel.
He made me wallow in ashes.
17 My soul has been deprived of shalom,
I have forgotten goodness.
18 So I said, “My endurance has perished,
and my hope from Adonai.”
19 Remember my affliction
my homelessness, bitterness and gall.
20 Whenever I remember,
my soul is downcast within me.
Our Hope—His Faithfulness
21 This I recall to my heart—
therefore I have hope:
22 Because of the mercies of Adonai
we will not be consumed,
for His compassions never fail.
23 They are new every morning!
Great is Your faithfulness.
24 “Adonai is my portion,” says my soul,
“therefore I will hope in Him.”
25 Adonai is good to those who wait for Him,
to the soul that seeks Him.
26 It is good to wait quietly
for the salvation of Adonai.
27 It is good for a man
to bear the yoke in his youth.
28 Let him sit alone and be silent,
since He has laid it upon him.
29 Let him put his mouth in the dust—
there may yet be hope.
Intercession for Justice
30 Let him offer his cheek
to the one who strikes him.[au]
Let him have his fill of disgrace.
31 For the Lord will not reject forever.
32 For though He has caused grief,
yet He will have compassion
according to His abundant mercies.
33 For He does not afflict from His heart
or grieve the sons of men.
34 To crush under His foot
all the prisoners of the land,
35 to deprive a person of justice
before the face of Elyon,
36 to defraud a person in his lawsuit—
would the Lord not see?
37 Who speaks and it comes to pass
unless the Lord has decreed it?
38 Is it not from the mouth of Elyon
that both calamities and good things proceed?
39 Why should any living person complain
when punished for his sins?
40 Let us examine and test our ways,
and let us return to Adonai.
41 Let us lift up our heart and hands
to God in heaven.
42 We have transgressed and rebelled—
You have not pardoned.
43 You covered Yourself with anger and pursued us.
You have slain without pity.
44 You shrouded Yourself with a cloud
so that no prayer can get through.
45 You have made us scum and refuse
in the midst of the peoples.
46 All our enemies opened their mouth
wide against us.
47 Panic and pitfall have befallen us,
devastation and destruction.
48 Streams of tears run down my eyes
because of the destruction of the daughter of my people.
49 My eye flows unceasingly,
without stopping,
50 until Adonai looks down
from heaven and sees.
51 My eye torments my soul
because of all the daughters of my city.
52 For no reason, my enemies
hunted me down like a bird.
53 They cut off my life in the Pit,
and cast stones upon me.
54 Waters flowed over my head.
I said, “I have been cut off!”
55 I called on Your Name, Adonai,
from the depths of the Pit.
56 You heard my voice,
“Do not close Your ears to my cry for relief.”
57 You drew near on the day I called to You.
You said, “Do not fear!”
58 Lord, You pled my soul’s case,
You redeemed my life.[av]
59 Adonai, You saw the wrong done to me;
judge my cause!
60 You have seen all their vengefulness,
all their schemes against me.
61 You heard their taunt, Adonai,
all their plots against me.
62 The lips of my assailants and their whispering
are against me all day long.
63 Look at them, sitting or standing,
they mock me in their song.
64 Pay them back what they deserve, Adonai,
according to the work of their hands.
65 Give them a distraught heart.
May Your curse be on them.
66 Pursue them in anger and destroy them
from under the heavens of Adonai.
Devastation of Jerusalem
4 How dulled is the gold,
how tarnished the fine gold.
The sacred gems are poured out
at the corner of every street.
2 The precious sons of Zion,
once worth their weight in gold—
alas! now they are treated like clay jars,
the work of a potter’s hands!
3 Even jackals offer their breast
to nurse their young.
The daughter of my people has become cruel,
like ostriches in the desert.
4 The nursing infant’s tongue clings
to the roof of his mouth for thirst.
Little children ask for bread,
but no one gives it t0 them.
5 Those who used to eat delicacies
are desolate in the streets.
Those who were brought up in purple
embrace trash heaps.
6 For the iniquities of the daughter of my people
is greater than the sin of Sodom,
which was overthrown in a moment,[aw]
yet no hands turned to her.
7 Purer than snow were her princes,[ax]
whiter than milk,
their bodies more ruddy than rubies,
their appearance like sapphire.
8 Their form has become darker than soot!
They are not recognized in the street.
Their skin has shriveled on their bones,
withered like a tree.
9 Better are those slain by the sword
than those struck down by famine—
they waste away, racked with pain,
for lack of fruits of the field.
10 The hands of compassionate women
boiled their own children.
They became their food
when the daughter of my people were destroyed.
11 Adonai has vented His fury.
He has poured out His burning anger.
Yes, He kindled a fire in Zion
that devoured her foundations.
12 The kings of the earth did not believe,
nor did the inhabitations of the world,
that enemy and foe would enter
the gates of Jerusalem.
13 Yet it happened because of the sins of her prophets,
and the iniquities of her kohanim,
who shed in her midst
the blood of the tzadikim[ay].
14 They wander in the streets,
like blind men.
They are so defiled with blood,
no one can touch their garments.
15 “Turn away! Unclean!”
They cry to them.
“Turn away, turn away! Don’t touch!”
So they fled and wandered about.
People among the nations say,
“They can stay here no longer.”
16 Adonai Himself has scattered them.
He will look on them no more.
They did not respect the kohanim.
They did not favor the elders.
17 Even now our eyes waste away
looking in vain for our help.
From our towers we watched
for a nation that could not save us.
18 They hunted our steps,
so we could not walk in our streets.
Our end was near.
Our days were numbered, for our end had come.
19 Our pursuers were swifter
than eagles of the sky;
they pursued us over the mountains;
they ambushed us in the wilderness.
20 The anointed of Adonai,
the breath of our nostrils,
was captured in their pits,
of whom we have said,
“Under His shadow we will live among the nations.”
21 Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom,
you who dwell in the land of Uz.
To you also will the cup be passed.
You will be drunk and stripped naked.
22 O daughter of Zion,
your punishment is accomplished;
He will exile you no longer.
But, O daughter of Edom,
He will punish your iniquity
and uncover your sins.
Remember Us!
5 Remember, Adonai,
what has come upon us.
Look, and see our disgrace!
2 Our inheritance is turned over to strangers,
our homes to foreigners.
3 We have become orphans, fatherless,
our mothers are like widows.
4 We pay silver for the water we drink;
our wood comes at a price.
5 Our pursuers are at our necks.
We are weary and have no rest.
6 We have held out our hand to Egypt
and Assyria to be satisfied with bread.
7 Our fathers sinned and are no more,
but we bear their punishment.
8 Slaves rule over us.
There is no one to deliver us from their hand.
9 We get our bread at the peril of our lives
because of the sword in the desert.
10 Our skin is hot as an oven
due to fever from famine.
11 The women in Zion have been ravished,
maidens in the towns of Judah.
12 Princes are hung up by their hands;
elders are dishonored.
13 Young men toil at the millstone.
Boys stagger under loads of wood.
14 Elders are gone from the gate,
young men from their music.
15 Joy has ceased in our hearts.
Our dance has turned into mourning.
16 The crown has fallen from our head.
Oy to us, for we have sinned!
17 Because of this our heart is faint,
for these things our eyes are dim,
18 for Mount Zion, which lies desolate,
as jackals prowl over it.
Hashiveinu (Restore Us)
19 You, Adonai, are enthroned forever;
Your throne endures from generation to generation.[az]
20 Why do You always forget us
and forsake us for so long?
21 Bring us back to You, Adonai,
and we will return.
Renew our days as of old—
22 unless You have utterly rejected us
and are exceedingly angry with us.
Kohelet: the Preacher
1 The words of Kohelet[ba], son of David, king in Jerusalem.
2 Futile! Futile! says Kohelet.
Completely meaningless!
Everything is futile![bb]
3 What does a person gain in all his labor
that he toils under the sun?
4 A generation comes, and a generation goes,
but the earth remains forever.
5 The sun rises and the sun sets,
and hurries back to the place it rises.
6 The wind goes toward the south,
and circles around to the north.
Round and round it swirls about,
ever returning to its circuits.
7 All the rivers flow into the sea,
yet the sea is never full.
To the place where the rivers flow,
there they go again.
8 All things are wearisome.
No one can express them.
The eye is never satisfied with seeing,
nor the ear filled with hearing.
9 What has been is what will be,
and what has been done will be done again.
There is nothing new under the sun.
10 Is there anything about which is said,
“Look! This is new!”?
It was already here long ago,
in the ages long before us.
11 There is no remembrance for former things,
and things yet to come will not be remembered by those who follow.
Search for Meaning in Life
12 I, Kohelet, am king over Israel in Jerusalem. 13 I applied my heart to seek and examine by wisdom all that is done under heaven. What a burdensome task God has given the sons of men to keep them occupied. 14 I have seen all the deeds done under the sun; and behold, all is meaningless and chasing after the wind.
15 What is crooked cannot be made straight.
What is missing cannot be counted.
16 I spoke with my heart saying: “I have grown rich and increased in wisdom more than any who were before me over Jerusalem. Indeed, my heart has experienced much wisdom and knowledge.” 17 So I applied my heart to know wisdom as well as to know madness and folly. I learned that this too was pursuit of the wind.
18 For with much wisdom comes much grief,
and whoever keeps increasing knowledge, increases heartache.
Futility of Human Pleasures
2 I said within myself, “Come now, I will test you with pleasure to see what is good.” Yet behold, this too was meaningless. 2 I said of laughter, “It is madness!” and of pleasure, “What does it accomplish?” 3 I thought deeply about how to cheer my flesh with wine—letting my heart guide me with wisdom—and how to grasp folly, so that I could see what was worthwhile for the sons of men to do under heaven during the few days of their lives.
4 I increased my possessions. I built myself houses and I planted myself vineyards. 5 I made royal gardens and parks for myself, and planted all kinds of fruit trees in them. 6 I constructed for myself pools of water to irrigate a forest of flourishing trees. 7 I purchased male and female servants and had other servants who were born in my house. I also owned more herds and flocks than all my predecessors in Jerusalem. 8 I also amassed silver and gold for myself, as well as the treasure of kings and the provinces. I acquired male and female singers for myself, as well as the luxuries of humankind—vaults and vaults of them. [bc] 9 So I became far wealthier than all before me in Jerusalem, yet my wisdom stayed with me.
10 I denied myself nothing that my eyes desired;
I withheld from my heart no enjoyment.
My heart took delight from all my toil—
this was my reward for all my labor.
11 Yet when I considered all that my hands had done
and the toil I had expended to accomplish it,
behold, it all was futile and chasing after the wind.
There was nothing to be gained under the sun.
Futility of Human Wisdom
12 Then I turned to consider wisdom, madness and folly. For what more can the one who succeeds the king do than what he has already done? 13 I realized that:
Wisdom is more beneficial than folly
as light is better than darkness.
14 A wise man has his eyes in his head,
while the fool walks in the darkness.
Yet, I also came to realize
that the same destiny befalls them both.
15 Then said I in my heart:
“I, even I, will have the same destiny as a fool.
So why have I become so wise?”
I said in my heart, “This too is meaningless.”
16 For the wise man, together with the fool,
is not remembered forever.
For in the days to come both will be forgotten.
Alas, the wise, just like the fool, must die!
17 And so I hated life, because the work done under the sun was grievous to me. All is but vapor and chasing after the wind. 18 I also hated all the fruit of my toil for which I had labored under the sun, because I must leave it to the one who comes after me. 19 Who knows if he will be wise or a fool? Yet he will be master over all the fruit of my toil for which I had wisely labored under the sun. This too is futile. 20 So I turned my heart over to despair over all the things for which I had toiled under the sun. 21 For sometimes a man, who has labored with wisdom, knowledge and skill, must hand over as an inheritance to someone who did not work for it. This also is futile and a great misfortune. 22 For what does a man get for all his toil and longing of his heart for which he laborers under the sun? 23 For all his days, his work is pain and grief. Even at night his mind does not rest. This also is futility.
24 There is nothing better for people than to eat and drink, and to find enjoyment in their labor. This too, I perceived, is from the hand of God. 25 For who can eat and who can have joy, apart from Him? 26 For to the one who pleases Him, He gives wisdom, knowledge and joy, but to the sinner He gives the task of gathering and accumulating wealth to give it to one who pleases God. This also is only vapor and striving after the wind.
Tree of Life (TLV) Translation of the Bible. Copyright © 2015 by The Messianic Jewish Family Bible Society.