Bible in 90 Days
25 Then Bildad the Shuhite responded.
2 Bildad: God rules over all things;
dread is His domain,
God—who makes peace and order on His own heights.
3 As for His armies, can they even be counted?
As for His light, is anyone not illuminated?
4 Then tell me how can a person be right with God?
How can someone born of a woman in blood be pure?
5 If even the moon is not bright enough
and the light of the stars is not pure in His estimation,
6 How much less so a human,
who is a mere worm—
The offspring of humanity,
who is a maggot!
26 Job explained.
2 Job (sarcastically): What a great help you are to the powerless!
How you have held up the arm that is feeble and weak!
Thanks to commonly known Greek and Roman mythologies, it is not difficult to imagine what “the land of the dead” or sheol may be. But what is this place of “destruction,” known in Hebrew as abaddon? The Hebrew word comes from a verb that means “to become lost,” and abaddon is usually mentioned in the Old Testament in conjunction with the land of the dead, the grave, or death itself—places lost to the living world. In the New Testament Book of Revelation, abaddon is personified as the “messenger of the abyss” (9:11) who rules the locusts—horrible creatures that torture any living thing. Based on these clues, abaddon may be thought of as a place for the dead (like here in Job) or as death personified (like in Revelation) that decimates everything around it or commands the destruction of everything it sees, a primitive creature living in its own chaos where no one would ever want to visit and wreaking havoc wherever it goes outside its home.
3 What sage counsel you have given to me, the unwise!
And what immeasurable insight you have put on display for us!
4 Whom did you say these words to?
Where did you get such profound inspiration?
5 The departed quiver below,
down deep beneath the seas
and all that is within them,
6 The land of the dead is exposed before God,
and the place where destruction lies is uncovered in His presence.
7 He stretches out the northern sky over vast reaches of emptiness;
He hangs the earth itself on nothing.
8 He binds up the waters into His clouds,
but the cloud does not burst from the strain.
9 He conceals the sight of His throne
and spreads His clouds over it to hide it from view.
10 He has encircled the waters with a horizon-boundary:
the line between day and night, light and darkness.
11 The very pillars that hold up the sky quake
and are astounded by His reprisals.
12 By His power, He stilled the sea, quelling the chaos;
by His wisdom, He pierced Rahab, evil of the sea;
13 By His breath, the heavens are made beautifully clear;
by His hand that ancient serpent—even as it attempted escape—is pierced through.
14 And all of this, all of these are the mere edges of His capabilities.
We are privy to only a whisper of His power.
Who then dares to claim understanding of His thunderous might?
27 Job continued.
2 Job: By God—who lives and has deprived me of justice,
the Highest One[a] who has also embittered my soul—
3 I make this proclamation:
that, while there is life in me,
While the breath of that selfsame God is in my nostrils,
4 My lips will not let lies escape them,
and my tongue will not form deceit.
5 So I will never concede that you three are right.
Until the day I die, I will not abandon my integrity just to appease you.
6 On the contrary, I’ll assert my innocence and never let it go;
my heart will not mock my past or my future.
7 May my enemy be counted as the wicked
and my adversary as the unjust.
8 For what hope does he who is sullied and impure have
once God lops him off from life and requires his soul?
9 Will God listen to his cry
when he is overtaken by distress?
10 Will he have made the Highest One his pleasure after the fact?
Will he have marked the seasons with his calls to God once it is too late?
11 Let me show you what I have learned of God’s power.
I assure you I will not cover over the true nature of the Highest One’s ways.
12 Look, you have all seen it—seen the same things I have seen here.
Why then all this vain nonsense?
13 Indeed, Zophar, listen closely, for what the wicked of humanity will inherit from God.
This is the heritage the Highest One bequeaths to those who oppress:
14 If the children of the wicked multiply,
they meet their end at the blade of the sword.
And even if they are fat with surplus,
the descendants of the wicked will be starved for bread.
15 Those who survive will fall to disease and be buried;
many of their widows will not mourn their deaths.
16 Though he pile up money as if it were common dirt
and clothing in heaps like mounds of clay,
17 What he may prepare, the righteous will wear;
the silver he sets aside, the innocent will divide.
18 He builds his house doomed to impermanence—
like the moth’s cocoon,
like the field watchman’s lean-to that is dismantled after the harvest.
19 He lies down to sleep a wealthy man,
but never again,
For when he opens his eyes to morning,
all is gone.
20 Terrors overtake him as if they were floodwaters;
the tempest snatches him away in the dead of night.
21 Indeed, the sultry east wind lifts him up and away.
He is gone, swept off the place he knew as his own.
22 It will have blown against him pitilessly,
and he tries to flee from its fast-closing hand.
23 As a final humiliation, it claps its hands against him as a man would—
sneering, hissing at him as he leaves.
28 Job: There is a place where silver is mined,
a place where gold is refined.
2 There iron is dug from the earth,
and copper is smelted from ore.
3 Humans put an end to darkness,
and search in every last corner
For the ore that is in gloom and darkness.
4 In the earth they cut a shaft
in a place forgotten, far from the beaten path;
They descend on ropes,
swinging dangerously back and forth.
5 The ground above yields food;
the earth below is turned as if fire has destroyed it
6 Where earth gives up sapphires from her rocks
and bits of gold from her dirt.
7 No bird of prey knows this way, this secret path down below;
no falcon’s eye has ever peered into it.
8 No proud beast has ever reached this place;
no lordly lion has marched over it.
9 The miner breaks apart flinty stone,
uprooting the ancient mountains.
10 He carves tunnels through the rock,
revealing precious treasures.
11 He dams up[b] the underground streams until they cease seeping,
and he brings out into the light what was hidden there in the darkness.
12 But where is wisdom found,
and where does understanding dwell?
Proverbs 1:20–33 and 8:3–36 give the best articulated picture of wisdom in the Bible. Personified there as Lady Wisdom, this character was created by God long before His creation of the world—which she then aided in. After creation, she wanted nothing more than to be with humanity and help them to have full, truthful lives; but here Job explains that wisdom is now hidden. Certainly God knows where she is, although He isn’t telling; but humans have a better chance of finding immeasurable wealth than of attaining wisdom. This is because she is only found on one road, and that’s the God-fearing road of piety. In order to find wisdom, one must allow God to direct him there; and ironically, the knowledge that God must direct lives is wisdom itself!
13 Job: No human perceives wisdom’s true value,
nor has she been found in the land of the living.
14 The deep says, “She is not to be seen within me.”
“Nor within me,” says the voice of the raging sea.
15 No gold can be given in trade for wisdom,
nor a sum of silver weighed out as her price.
16 She cannot be bought with all the gold of Ophir,
neither with onyx nor sapphire.
17 The shimmer of gold and brightness of glass cannot compare,
and no refined gold jewelry is worth her in trade.
18 Perish the mention of coral and crystal;
even more than pearls is the value of wisdom.
19 Ethiopian topaz—unequal as well;
even gold, unalloyed, is too paltry indeed.
20 Then from where does wisdom come?
Where does understanding dwell?
21 She is hidden away from every eye,
even from birds looking down from the sky.
22 Destruction and Death have both confessed,
“Rumors are all we know about her.”
23 God understands wisdom’s path and way;
her place is known to Him alone.
24 For He gazes out to the edge of the earth,
sees all that falls beneath the sky overhead.
25 He lent the wind its weight and force
and measured out the waters’ spread.
26 When He set a limit on the rain that falls
and made the thunderbolt a road to race,
27 Then He saw wisdom and made her known,
He settled her and searched out for her a place.
28 And to humankind, He said, “Now, the fear of the Lord is wisdom,
and to depart from evil is understanding.”
The great wisdom of the ages begins with fearing God. It is the evil of the world that clouds our understanding and leads us into foolishness.
29 Job continued.
2 Job: Ah, that I were as I once was, months ago
during the time when God oversaw me,
3 When His lamp shone above my head,
and by His light, I walked through the darkness.
4 Ah, to be in the ripest time of life once more—
when the intimacies of friendship with God enfolded my tent,
5 When the Highest One[c] was with me
and my children encircled me,
6 When my steps were bathed in milk
and the rock poured out rivers of olive oil, showering my body,
7 When I went up to the gate of the city,
when I took my seat in the town square where the elders meet.
8 There the young saw me and made room for me, in deference to elders.
The old rose and stood out of respect.
9 The leaders stopped talking
with their hands over their mouths.
10 The voices of nobles fell to a hush;
their tongues stuck to the roofs of their mouths.
11 Every ear that heard me blessed me,
and every eye that saw me testified to my greatness.
12 After all, I rescued the poor when they cried out for help
and assisted the orphans when they had no one else.
Great virtue has always begun with the treatment of the poor. Can Job be accused of having a hard heart?
13 The dying spoke their blessings over me,
and the widows sang their joyful songs honoring what I did.
14 I adorned myself in righteousness,
and it covered me;
my justice fit me like a cloak and turban—
conveying both my dignity and my authority.
15 I was the eyes for the blind,
the feet for the lame,
16 A father for the needy,
and I sought for the cause of whom I did not know.
17 I broke out the fangs of the wicked
and wrested prey from their jaws.
18 Then I said, “I will pass from this earth in the comfort of my nest.
My days will be more numerous than a beach’s grains of sand.
19 My roots will grow deep, spreading out to the water’s edge,
and in the night, the dew will come to rest on my branches.
20 Respect will be accorded me every day,
my skill with the bow always new in my hand.”
21 People used to listen to me,
the sense of expectation visible on their faces;
they waited in silence for my advice.
22 And when I finished, they did not hurry to speak again.
They waited while my words dropped like dew upon them.
23 Indeed, they waited for me as one waits for a good rain,
and they opened their mouths as if to catch spring showers on their tongues.
24 I smiled upon them when their confidence flagged,
and they took comfort in my beaming face.[d]
25 I led them in their way.
I sat as their leader.
I lived like a king among his troops.
I was as a happy man spreading comfort among the mourners.
30 Job: But now they mock me,
these young men whose fathers I hold in such contempt.
I wouldn’t trust them with my herds
as I do my dogs.
2 What good does their strength do me?
Their potency has wilted.
3 Gaunt from starvation, haggard from hunger that drives them to gnaw the ground in the night,
a ground all wasted and hollowed-out,
4 They are left with the desperate foods of the famished—
plucking mallow from the bushes by the salt marshes,
and making the ashy broom tree root their staple.
5 The people from the town chase each one out of his neighborhood;
they howl at all of them as if they were common thieves,
6 And push them out to live in the deep valleys of the wadis—
those desert streams that come and go—
So these outcasts seek shelter in the overhangs and crumbling caves
that line the banks of no-man’s-land.
7 Braying like donkeys from the bushes,
huddled together in the prickly undergrowth are
8 Fools and sons of no-names,
driven by lashes out from the bosom of the land.
Even the fools and outcasts use Job’s name as an insult. His character has been brought low by those who should be beneath him.
9 And now they sing of me in taunt and parody,
and make my name a byword among them.
10 They abhor me, keep their distance,
and feel free to spit in my face.
11 Because God has unstrung His bowstring and stricken me with suffering,
they are no longer restrained toward me.
12 To my right, the horde[e] arises.
They seek to knock me off my feet,
piling their disastrous ways against me.
13 They lay waste to my path
and benefit from my destruction,
and no one is there to stop them.
14 As through a wall breached, they advance easily.
Their thunderstorm of wheels rolled across my ruins.
15 Alas! A storm of terrors has turned toward me and is upon me;
my dignity is blown away as by the wind;
my prosperity vanishes like a wispy cloud.
16 And now my own soul is drawn out, poured over me.
The days of misery have taken hold of me;
I am firmly in their grasp.
17 By night, my pain is at work, boring holes in my bones;
it gnaws at me and never lies down to rest.
18 With great force, God wraps around me like my clothing.
He binds tightly about my neck as if He were the collar of my tunic.[f]
19 He has pushed me off into the mud,
and I am reduced from man to dust and ashes.
20 I call out to You, God, but You refuse to answer me.
When I arise, You merely examine me.
21 You have changed.
Now You are cruel to me;
You employ Your strength to attack me.
22 You pull me up into the wind and make me ride upon it
until I am fractured and dissipated in the storm.
23 I know where this ends.
You will send me off to death
and usher me to that meetinghouse where all the living one day go.
24 And yet does not a person trapped in ruins stretch out his hand,
and in this disaster does he not cry out for help?[g]
25 Did I not grieve for the hard days of another
or weep for the pains of the poor?
26 And yet when I longed for the good, evil came;
when I awaited the light, thick darkness arrived instead.
27 I am boiling on the inside,
and it will not quit;
yet the days of misery still come for me.
28 I drift in darkness, the sun absent;
I arise in the assembly
and call out for help.
29 But who will come now that I am roaming the wilderness?
I am a brother to jackals, a friend of ostriches.
30 Despite my earnest cries, my skin burns until it is black and flakes off,
and my bones burn with fever.
31 And so my harp is tuned to the key of mourning,
and my flute is pitched to the sound of weeping.
31 Job: I have made a sacred pledge with my eyes.
How then could I stare at a young woman with desire?
2 And what share has God set aside for us from above?
What is the heritage we can expect from the lofty God, the Highest One?[h]
3 Has it not been made clear these many years?
Is there not supposed to be punishment poured out on the wicked
and disaster on those wrongdoers?
4 Does God not see the paths of my choosing;
does He not count every single step I take?
In this speech, Job is actually recording his deposition; he is calling God to come answer the charges he is laying out. Using a rigid format, Job explains away eight areas of potential sin in his life. So certain is Job that he is innocent of wickedness, he actually pronounces curses upon himself if the all-knowing God finds him guilty of any of the sins. This ethereal courtroom procedure would be like any human going to a court to explain how he did not violate the law of the land and prefacing his testimony with a proposed sentence of the death penalty if the judgment goes against him. Job will soon learn that it is never appropriate to assume he knows more about justice than God, the very author of justice.
Job: 5 If I have walked alongside lies
or if my feet have rushed toward deception,
6 Then let God weigh me on a truly balanced set of scales.
He will know and see my integrity.
7 If my steps have veered off God’s prescribed path
or if my heart has followed any of the evil my eyes have seen
or if my hands are soiled,
8 Then let me sow, but then let another one eat the produce!
Let my sprouts be pulled up by their roots!
9 If my heart has been seduced by another woman
or if I have waited by a friend’s door for a liaison with his wife,
10 Then let my wife be taken by another,
to grind his grain or do whatever he pleases,
And let other men kneel down over her
11 because adultery is such a lewd, scandalous act,
an offense punishable by the court,
12 For it is a fire that burns until the destruction is complete.
Had I done it, it would have undone all that I had gained.
13 If I have refused justice to my servants—either male or female—
when they have had cause for dispute with me,
14 Then what ought I do when God stands to judge me?
How will I answer when He calls me to account for my actions?
15 Did not God, who made me in my mother’s womb, make my servants as well?
Is He not the same One who made us each in our own mother’s womb?
16 If I have stood between the poor and the object of their desire,
if I have caused a widow to lose her love of life,
17 If I have eaten my food alone
and not shared it with the hungry orphan
18 (Indeed, from as far back as I can remember, I have cared for them all—
from my youth, been a father to the orphan;
from my own birth, cared for the widow),
19 If I have idly watched anyone die from exposure simply due to a lack of clothing
or seen the poor without any kind of covering,
20 If ever people in such conditions did not physically bless and thank me
for warming them up with the fleeces of my own sheep,
21 If I ever used my civic strength to condemn the fatherless
simply because I knew I had allies in the courts;
22 Then let my arm be pulled from its socket!
Let my forearm be snapped off at the elbow for raising it against the orphan!
23 See, I have always dreaded the kind of disaster wrought by God;
I was never able to withstand His majesty.
24 If I have put my confidence in my stash of gold,
if I have trusted in a metal so well-refined,
25 If I have exulted in my immense wealth
(for I had accumulated so much),
26 If I saw the sun in its radiant glory
or the moon sliding across the sky in its splendor,
27 If such sights secretly seduced my heart
and made my hand throw kisses to the false gods of sun and moon,
28 Then these things, too, would have been punishable offenses
because they would have shown me untrue to the God above.
29 Have I gloated at my enemy’s downfall
or been excited when he encountered evil?
30 No. I have not permitted my mouth to sin
by uttering a curse against his very life.
31 Have my guests ever left my dwelling saying,
“Anyone still hungry? Who didn’t get enough to eat?”
32 Have I ever left the foreigner to sleep outside?
No. My door was always open to the traveler.
33 If I have covered my sin as people do
or attempted to hide my wrongdoing in the recesses of my heart
34 (Because of my fear of the opinions of the crowd
or my fright at the disdain of my family)
And kept silent hiding indoors away from all possible discovery of flaws;
35 (if only someone were listening!)
Now, here to these oaths, these curses,
I make my signature!
Let the Highest One answer me!
Let my adversary put his case in writing!
36 If He does, I would place it on my shoulder for all to see;
I would put it on my head and wear it like a crown.
37 I would offer Him an account of the steps I’ve taken along my life’s path
and approach Him directly like a prince.
38 If my land cries out against me,
if my furrows gather together to weep over my mistreatment of them,
39 If I have eaten the fruit of the land
without payment to those who tend it
or exasperated the lives of its tenants, the farmers, in pursuit of greater harvest, or in poor management of them;
40 Then let thistles grow instead of wheat
and stinkweed instead of barley.
This concludes the words of Job.
32 At that point, Job’s three friends stopped responding to him because Job was quite certain of his own righteousness. 2 But someone else was there. His name was Elihu (Barachel’s son from Buz, of the family of Ram), and he was burning with anger toward Job because Job defended his righteousness rather than God’s. 3 And Elihu was also angry with Job’s three friends because they found no decent rebuttal to Job yet condemned him nonetheless. 4 Elihu had withheld his words from Job because he was younger than all four of them and knew it was improper to speak until each of them was heard, 5-6 but when Elihu (Barachel’s son from Buz) realized the three men’s words were spent, his anger inflamed him.
Elihu: I am a young man,
and you are my wise elders,
So I have been here shyly creeping about in the background,
timid about sharing my opinion with you.
7 I thought to myself, “Age should speak first;
those advanced in years will teach wisdom.”
8 But alas, it turns out it is the spirit in a man, not age,
and the breath of the Highest One[i] within him that lends understanding.
9 In fact, sometimes it is neither the great who are wise
nor the elderly who have an understanding of justice.
10 And so I say, “Listen to me, Job,
and I, even I, will explain what I know.”
11 (turning to the three friends) After all, I waited while each of you three spoke;
I lent my ear to your insights
while you searched for what to say, looking for the right words.
12 I paid you my utmost attention, but hear this!
Not one of you countered Job with a decent argument;
not one rebutted his statements of the case.
13 And don’t you dare fall back on the easy reply:
“We have found wisdom;
let God rebuke him, not just any old human!”
14 I will answer him differently,
for he has not assembled his words against me.
I will not answer him with your overly personalized and insufficient arguments.
15 They are all undone, unhinged, embarrassed!
They have no response!
Their faculty of speech has apparently failed them!
16 Should I wait a bit longer to make sure they are all done speaking,
for when they stand silent and appear to have nothing to say?
17 So now it is my turn.
I will tell you what I think.
I will impart what I know.
Due to the abundance of grapes and the absence of refrigeration, wine was a staple drink in the ancient Near East. The process of making wine was basically the same one used today, although the equipment was different. Grapes were grown, gathered, pressed, fermented, and stored. For the fermentation process, wineskins (usually made of goat hide) were used instead of today’s barrels. Wineskins were the perfect choice because they could expand as the grape juice released its gases during the fermentation process, much as the human stomach expands as it digests food, as Elihu points out. It was imperative that new wineskins were used for each batch of wine because each skin could only expand so far; a second round of fermentation in an old skin would rupture the skin and spill the wine—a truth Jesus makes famous in Luke 5:37. After fermentation, the wine was stored in amphora jars with vented tops, so any gases could be released and the wine still be contained or even transported.
18 After all, I am filled to the brim with words,
and my gut reaction is to speak.
19 My insides are like fresh wine sealed up and needing to breathe.
Like a new wineskin, I am on the brink of bursting from the pressure.
20 Let me speak. Then I will find relief.
Yes, I will open my mouth and answer.
21 You will have to pardon me
if I do not impede my words with deference to any of you
or flatter you with honorable titles.
22 After all, I am not very skilled with flattery anyway;
I have reason to believe that, if I were to engage in such senseless rhetoric,
My Maker would whisk me away from here
because this matter is so serious.
33 Elihu: So now, Job, listen closely to my words;
lend an ear to my speeches.
2 Wait for it! I am about ready to part my lips;
even now, my tongue begins to stir within my mouth.
3 My words emerge from a heart of integrity;
my lips express their knowledge with sincerity.
4 God’s Spirit has fashioned me
and the breath of the Highest One[j] imparts life to me.
5 So refute me if you can;
go ahead and make your preparations and assume your position.
6 But remember I am just like you; we are both God’s vessels,
both pinched from the clay and formed by Him.
7 Look, there is no reason for you to be afraid of me;
my hand will not feel all that heavy on you.
8 Job, now you have said—and I heard it—
I heard the words sounded out:
9 “I am pure, without sin;
innocent indeed, and there is no wrongdoing within me!
10 But oh! God has come up with reasons to accuse me;
now He considers me His enemy.
11 He locks my feet in the shackles;
He watches all my paths, dogs my every step.”
12 But listen! You are wrong in all this
because God is greater than a mere man.
13 Why do you argue with Him,
complaining that He refuses to account for all of His actions?
14 For God does speak in one way and even another way—
yet no one may be able to perceive what He says.
15 One kind of answer God gives
comes in the form of a dream—in a night-vision—
When deep slumber comes to people
who have lain down to sleep in their beds.
16 Yes, this is often when He opens the ears of humanity,
and seals their life-corrections in the terrors of the night
17 So that He can turn one away from his evil deeds
and put down the arrogance of the proud.
18 He does all of this so that He might hold back one soul from the pit
and protect one life from passing over to the land of death.[k]
19 Or another kind of answer God gives comes thus:
one may be corrected through a bed of pain;
his bones may hold him in an unceasing trial,
20 In which his food becomes repulsive,
and he doesn’t hunger for even his favorite meals.
21 His body wastes away almost to nothing,
and bones, once hidden, stick out gruesomely.
22 Thus he is sobered as his soul approaches the rim of the pit,
as his life hears the whispers of the coming messengers of death.
23 If there is a heavenly messenger at one’s side, a mediator,
even just one out of the thousand in his regime of God’s messengers,
to proclaim what is right for that person according to God,
24 And to be gracious to him and to say,
“Spare this one from descending into the pit;
I have found a ransom that will save his life!
25 Then his skin will be renewed, as smooth and fresh as a child’s,
and he will be restored to the vim and vigor of his youth.”
26 He will make his appeal to God, and God will grant acceptance;
he will see God’s face and shout with joy,
knowing God has restored his right standing.
27 Then he comes to his fellow humans and sings out,
“I sinned and perverted what I knew to be right,
but God has not repaid me what I deserved.
28 He has instead paid that ransom
and spared me from descending into the pit
and my life now sees the light.”
29 Look! God does all of these things two,
even three times with a person,
30 In order to guide his soul back from the rim of the pit
so the light of life might shine on him.
31 Lend your ear, Job, and listen well to me;
remain silent, and I will do the talking.
32 If you have anything to say to me, say it. Make your answer to me;
go ahead and speak, because I do desire to see you justified to God.
33 But if not, then listen well to me;
stay quiet, and I will teach you wisdom.
34 Job remained silent, so Elihu continued.
2 Elihu: Hear my words, you men of wisdom;
listen to me, learned ones:
3 Our ears are capable of testing wisdom of words
the way the roofs of our mouths are capable of tasting food.[l]
4 Let us form a council here then, and decide among us what is right;
let us come together to know what is good in all of this.
5 After all, Job has told us, “I am innocent,
but God has denied my right to a fair hearing.
6 Though I am right, should I lie and claim to be wrong? No.
Let me put it to you simply:
I am gravely wounded as by an arrow,
but I am innocent.”
7 What other man is comparable to Job?
He drinks disdain like water.
8 He is not like the one who runs with the workers of wickedness
and associates himself with evil people.
9 In fact he even suggests, “A person receives no benefit
from pleasing God.”
In his first speech to Job, Elihu has been a cowboy, brazenly calling Job out for his blasphemous words about God. He has not exactly condemned Job as a wicked man; he has condemned Job for his reaction to his suffering and to God. This is unprecedented behavior, since a younger man would never contradict an elder, especially in the presence of other elders. Possibly realizing how disrespectfully he has been acting, and certainly noticing that Job isn’t responding well to his arguments, Elihu begins this second speech with a new approach. He tries to gain the support of Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. Maybe if other elders are on his side, Elihu can make Job understand that it is wrong to question God, the very Creator of justice.
10 Elihu: So, you men whose hearts have embraced wisdom, listen to me:
far be it from God to commit evil acts;
and from the Highest One[m] to engage in wrongdoing!
11 For He is like an employer
who pays workers according to what they have done;
He makes sure the rewards they receive match their conduct.
12 Oh, unimaginable thought—that God would cause evil!
The Highest One does not pervert justice!
13 Who designated Him as earth’s overseer?
Who placed Him in charge of the entire world?
14 If He made it His aim to do so,
if He recalled to Himself His spirit and His breath,
15 All living creatures would expire as one
and humankind would return to the dust from which He formed them.
16 If you are one of understanding, hear this!
Listen to what I am saying!
17 Can one who despises justice also govern?
And are you willing to render condemnation on the Righteous and Mighty One?
18 Is He not the One who says to the king, “You are worthless,”
and to the exalted nobility, “You are depraved.”
19 Is He not the One who refuses favoritism to royalty
and who will not put rich above poor?
After all, they are all the creations of His very own hands.
20 All of a sudden, in the middle of the night, people perish;
they are shaken, and then they pass away;
the strong and mighty, apart from any human hand, are taken.
21 For God’s eyes are on the paths people choose;
He surveys each of their steps.
22 There is no darkness, no gloomy shadow
in which wrongdoers may hide themselves from Him.
23 God does not need to scrutinize people further
or bring them before Him for judgment.
24 Without need of a lengthy investigation,
He breaks even the mighty into pieces,
and installs others to replace them.
25 And this is because He is already acquainted with their actions.
When the seemingly sudden midnight hour rolls over, they are crushed beneath it.
26 He strikes down people as if they were wicked—
front and center—a display for all to see
27 Simply because they turned from following Him,
because they no longer considered His ways.
28 As a result of their injustice,
the poor cried out to Him
And as you ought to know well,
He always hears the cries of the needy, of the oppressed peoples.
29 If God remains silent, who is fit to raise his voice against Him?
If He chooses to hide His face, who is able to see Him?
This goes for a nation or an individual;
all are the same.
30 A person estranged from God must be prevented from ruling over any nation
and from laying snares for the downfall of a people.
31 Has anyone then said to God,
“I have carried punishment,
but I will not offend again.
32 Teach me and fill in my blind spots,
and if I have done wrong, I will stop and do what is right.”
33 Is God obliged to reward you on your terms
for your personal revolt against Him?
You must decide that, not I.
Tell me, if you know what you believe,
34 People who comprehend such things,
wise folk who hear me say,
35 “Job speaks without knowledge;
his harangues are devoid of insight.”
36 May God try Job to the bitter end,
for he responds as the wicked do
37 And he keeps adding to his sins;
he claps his hands in rebellion in our very midst,
and he multiplies his offensive words against God.
35 Elihu continued advising.
2 Elihu: Job, is this your idea of justice,
that you would say, “My righteousness exceeds God’s”?
3 For you say something like, “What good does it do You if I do right?
What is in it for me if I don’t sin?”
4 I will return your words with my own,
and I will answer your friends with you.
5 Look at the skies above and take notice.
See how high the clouds are—they are so far above you!
6 Surely, if the clouds maintain such a distance,
one must wonder: how high up and far away is God?
If you sin, how much have you really accomplished against Him?
If you pile up your sins, if you stack them high, what does it do to Him?
7 Likewise, if you are righteous, what does that confer to Him,
or what gift does He receive from your outstretched hand of righteous generosity?
8 Listen! Your wickedness affects your own kind,
and your righteousness only helps other human beings.
9 People call out to God when they feel the crush of oppression.
They implore Him for deliverance from the strong hand of tyranny.
10 But none of them pleads in this way: “Where is God, my Creator,
who gives songs of comfort in the silence and suffering of night,
11 Who enlightens us more than the animals of the field,
who instructs us in wisdom more than the birds of the air?”
12 And so, in the absence of such prayers,
God does not answer the cries of the people
because they cry with the arrogance of the wicked.
13 Indeed, God does not hear the vain and empty cry,
nor does the Highest One[n] pay it any mind.
14 How much less must He hear you—
you who say you cannot see Him,[o]
You who say you have already pled your case before Him
but that you are still waiting for Him.
15 And now, here we are.
Because God has not been swift to punish in His anger,
because He does not concern Himself with great arrogance,[p]
16 Job opens his mouth and out comes empty talk.
Yes, he heaps up words with ignorance.
36 Elihu continued.
2 Elihu: Wait for me to finish, and I will explain.
There is still more to be said on God’s behalf.
3 I will acquire my knowledge from ancient, far away sources
and illustrate the righteous ways of my Maker.
4 Truly, there is no untruth hidden in my words;
in fact, perfect knowledge has graced your presence.
5 Look! God has great strength, but He does not detest human beings;
He is mighty indeed, and His heart swells with understanding.
6 He does not preserve the life of the wicked,
but He grants justice to those who are weak and humble.
7 He does not divert His gaze from the righteous;
He enthrones them with monarchs,
lifts them up to positions of power forever.
8 And if the people are restrained in chains,
caught in the cords of their misery,
9 Then He explains to them their exploits,
their errors, and how they have lived in arrogance.
10 He uncovers their ears so as to hear His teaching
and commands them to abandon their sinful path.
11 If they hear and choose to serve Him,
then they end their days in prosperity and their years in felicity.
12 But if they refuse to listen,
then they will pass over to the land of death by the sword
and will arrive, lacking any wisdom, at their death.
13 The sullied and impure stash away their anger.
Even when He puts them in chains for their own good,
they refuse to cry for His help.
14 They die young,
debased among the male prostitutes of the shrines.
15 As for the righteous—when they are afflicted—
God delivers them through the affliction itself,
and uses the trial to open their ears to His voice.
16 Job, even now, God is enticing you away from the jaws of distress;
He is luring you to a wide, wonderful place free of boundaries
where your table will be covered in the finest foods.
17 You are weighed down, instead, with judgment usually reserved for the wicked.
And yet, ironically, as you seek to lay hold of justice and judgment,
justice and judgment have laid hold of you.
18 Beware that your anger at how you are being judged does not seduce you into scorning.
Do not let the high ransom you are paying through your suffering steer you off God’s path.
19 Will your cry for help lessen your misery?
How about your strength and forcefulness?
Are they yielding you any better result?
20 Do not pine, Job, for the night
when people pass from their earthly homes into oblivion.[q]
21 In short, be careful! Do not turn your life toward evil ways—
which you have preferred to hearing God’s correcting voice in the midst of your suffering.
22 See, God is supreme in His power.
Is there any teacher like Him?
23 Is anyone capable of overseeing His path?
Who has ever said to Him, “You have done wrong”?
24 Remember to praise His works,
which generations have celebrated in song.
25 All of humankind has seen them
and has gazed upon them from far away.
26 Look, God is exalted, beyond all knowing.
The number of His years is vast, beyond all discovery.
27 For He draws up drops of water,
distills the rain from the mist
28 Which pours down from the clouds,
dripping a sky full of water over the whole of humanity.
29 It is beyond comprehension: the fanning out of the clouds,
the crashing thunder from His cloudy pavilion.
30 Ah, and then He extends His lightning over the earth,
striking even the sea to illumine its depths.
31 For with these, He judges the peoples—
lightning punishing His enemies and rain blessing His people—
but now with those same waters, He gives them food in abundance.
32 In the palms of His hands He holds lightning
and issues orders for it to strike its target.
33 Thunder announces His presence;
His jealous anger[r] is against what is coming.
The discussion has included many references to nature and weather. Maybe it has been spoken in the midst of a storm and as a clap of thunder sounds overhead, startling all five of the men. Elihu picks up the conversation again with renewed vigor, possibly gesturing toward the sky as he speaks about the storm of life in which Job is caught.
For the patriarchs, there is really no greater mystery in the natural world than the weather. What keeps the rain up in the sky, or what makes it fall to the earth? Why does water sometimes freeze and sometimes dry up? What is lightning and thunder? Weather impacts every part of their lives, determining whether or not they can farm and pasture animals, where they can live, and if they can live. Since none of these questions can be answered with scientific explanations yet, societies invent gods whom they think control it all. Ancient people hope that by doing or saying the right thing, they can convince the god to send rain when it is needed or stop the damaging hail before their roofs cave in. These pagan worshipers aren’t too far off in their thinking; they just have the wrong god.
The Lord’s followers have the answer right in believing He controls it all. When they look at the weather, they see God’s power. As God will expound upon Himself shortly, the One who controls the weather is the One who created it. He put order in the cosmos, although humans may not always understand its order, just as He organized everything else. God, who has perfect understanding and unimaginable power, cannot be comprehended with the human mind and should not be questioned by the likes of Job.
37 Elihu: At this, my heart quivers,
and it nearly leaps out of my chest.
2 Listen! Listen to the raging anger in His voice,
the rumbling that’s coming from His mouth!
3 He sets the roar loose across the whole length of the sky,
and His lightning flashes to the ends of the earth.
4 After the flash comes the deafening roar of His voice,
the voice that thunders His majesty—
The voice that resounds with no evidence of restraint,
5 the voice of God that is thundering wondrously.
He does magnificent things, beyond our comprehension.
6 To the snow, He issues the order: “Go! Fall on the earth!”
And to the rain shower, He says, “Show your power; beat down heavy on the earth!”
7 Then, as the weather drives laborers indoors,
He closes in around every human hand,
sealing them off from their labors,
and in forced rest, all are drawn to see the ongoing work of God.
8 The beast of the field scampers for cover,
hiding in its cave for the duration.
9 Meanwhile, the whirlwind comes forth from its southern chamber,
and the arctic winds bring the cold.
10 From the breath of God ice forms,
and the wide waters of the rivers and seas expand in the freeze.
11 He weighs down the thick clouds with moisture,
and they scatter His clusters of light.
12 The storm changes course under His guidance;
it moves as He directs over the contours of the entire earth.
13 And what is His aim? Whether for the discipline of His people
or for the sake of the earth itself,
Or as an expression of His deep, loyal love,
He causes all of this to happen.
14 Hear this, Job.
Pause where you are, and ponder the wonders of God.
15 Do you know how God orchestrates these marvels?
How He makes the clouds flash with lightning?
16 Do you know how those same clouds are hung up in the sky or how they move?
Do you know the wonders of God, who is perfect in His knowledge of such things?
17 You, who feel the wind of His voice even now,
are the same one whose clothes are hot to the touch
when God makes the land go still beneath the south wind.
18 Can you assist God in hammering out the silver sky
until it appears as hard as cast metal mirror?[s]
19 Job, tell us what to say to Him.
We cannot draw up our argument before such impenetrable darkness.
20 Shall He be told that I wish to speak to Him directly?
Will it help if I admit I would be consumed if I did?
21 But now no one can see the brightness of the light through the thick clouds;
as the wind changes and blows through the sky, it clears the air.
22 From the north, the weather changes;
golden skies encircle God, now clothed in awesome majesty.
23 We cannot find the Highest One:[t]
He is exalted in power,
Great in righteousness,
and does not depreciate humanity.
24 This is why mortals fear Him;
He doesn’t see the wise of heart.[u]
38 Out of the raging storm, the Eternal One answered Job.
2 Eternal One: Who is this that darkens counsel,
who covers over sound instruction with empty words void of knowledge?
3 Now, prepare yourself and gather your courage like a warrior.
Prepare yourself for the task at hand.
I’ll be asking the questions, now—
you will supply the answers.
4 Where were you when I dug and laid the foundation of the earth?
Explain it to me, if you are acquainted with understanding.
5 Who decided on the measurements? Surely you know that!
Who stretched out a line to measure the dimensions?
6 Upon what base was the foundation set?
Or who laid the cornerstone
7 On the day when the stars of the morning broke out in song
and God’s heavenly throng, elated, shouted along?
8 Who held back the sea behind doors
and brought the earth bursting forth from the womb of the deep,
9 When for clothes I gave it a cloud
and for swaddling I wrapped it in darkness,
10 When I placed shores around its limits
and put up the doors and the bars;
11 And I said to the sea, “Here you may come, but no farther.
And here is the shore where your grand waves will crash.”
12 In your short run of days, have you ever commanded the morning to begin
or taught the sun to rise in its place?
13 Under your watch has the early light ever taken hold of the earth by the edges
and shaken the wicked loose?
14 Under dawn’s early light the earth takes shape
as does clay when a seal is firmly pressed in it;
Its colors and features stand out
as a well-made garment does from the body.
15 Yet the light is withheld from the wicked,
and the arm is snapped off of the oppressors.
16 Have you entered into the sea’s tidewaters
or trod the bottom of the ocean looking for the deepest cavern?
17 Have you found it, only for death’s infamous gates to be unveiled to you,
or did you catch a glimpse of the gates of the deep darkness beneath the waters?
18 Have you roamed the earth in her entirety, comprehended her vast regions?
If you know all of this, declare it! Make your statement!
19 Tell me, which way is it to where the light resides?
And darkness? Where does the darkness live?
20 When you escort it through its regions every day,
will you know the way to its home?
21 Ah, but of course you know!
After all, you were born way back then when all this was created,
and your days have been many indeed.
22 Have you visited the vast, cold treasury where the snow is stored,
or have you gazed on the shimmering, frozen armories where the hail is held,
23 The hail which I keep on reserve for the time of great trouble,
for the day of battle, the day of war?
24 Where is the way to the realm where light is scattered across creation,
and where is the field where the east wind is divided up
and sent across the face of the earth?
25 Who cut the channel for the flooding rivers
or paved a path for the thunderbolt
26 So that rain might fall on an uninhabited land,
even on a wilderness where no human sets foot
27 So that the desolate desert and the withering wasteland are satisfied,
so that the grass is made to sprout in that seemingly forsaken place?
28 And does the rain have a father?
Who sires the drops of dew?
29 From whose womb comes the ice?
And who gives birth to the sky’s pale, thick frost?
30 When water seems to turn to stone,
the face of the deep freezes to imprison its inhabitants.
31 Can you bind together a cluster of twinkling stars—
the seven sisters of Pleiades who keep company in the night sky?
Can you loosen the cords of Orion’s bow?
32 Can you lead the stars[v] of the Zodiac out in their proper seasons
and guide the Bear with her cubs?
33 Do you know the rules of the heavens,
or apportion their influence on the seasons of the earth?
34 Can you bellow out orders at the clouds
and pull down a flood of rain around you?
35 Can you dispatch bolts of lightning on their way,
who instantly obey and say to you, “Here we are”?
36 Who put wisdom within the center of the created
or granted understanding to the mind?[w]
37 Who has the wisdom to count the clouds and send them on their way
or tip over the water skins of heaven to refresh the ground below
38 When the dry dust is as hard as metal
and clods of clay clump together?
39 Can you hunt prey for the lioness
or sate the appetites of her cubs
40 While they crouch in their dens
and wait in the brush?
41 Who nourishes the hungry raven
when its young chirp to God and wander for want of food?
39 Eternal One: Do you know the time when the mountain goats give birth?
Do you attend at the doe’s delivery?
2 Can you keep track of the months until each carries to term?
Do you even know their calving season?
3 They drop to their knees to birth their young,
and their labor pains cease to grip.
4 Their offspring grow to their full strength in the open field;
then they leave and do not return.
5 Who set the wild donkey free?
Who cut it loose from its bonds?
6 I gave it the wastelands for a home
and the salt flats for a dwelling.
7 It avoids the commotion of the city;
it is far from the shouts of the mule driver and never has to obey one.
8 Instead, it trundles through hills in search of pasture,
its eyes ever watchful for a patch of green.
9 Is the wild ox willing to serve you?
Will it be content to stay the night beside your feeding trough?
10 Can you confine the wild ox with a rope to plow a straight furrow?
Will it cultivate the valleys as you pull him along?
11 Can you trust it simply because of its enormous strength?
Can you really leave your work to it without guiding it?
12 Can you depend on it to return the remaining seed to you,
to carry the grain to your threshing floor?
God now speaks to Job of the ostrich. Is Job as foolish as this stupid bird who leaves her eggs on the ground?
13 The ostrich flaps her wings,
and the ringing joy is heard.
But her wings and pinions are not like a stork’s. She cannot fly.
14 She is different from other birds,
for she lays her eggs straight on the ground,
and she incubates them in the bare dust.
15 She forgets that a foot might crush them
or a wild animal trample them.
16 She is harsh to her young, as if they were not even hers.
She is unconcerned at the futility of her labor,
17 For God denied her a share of wisdom,
and in doling out understanding, He passed her by.
18 Oh and yet, look at her when the time comes to run—
she spreads her strange wings and laughs at the horse who must be guided by his rider
although she is an absurd bird who can’t even fly.
19 And oh, of course—now let us speak of the horse!
Do you give that creature its power?
Do you adorn its neck with that flowing mane?
20 Do you make it leap like a locust
and terrify the enemy with its dreadful snorting?
21 It paws and stamps the valley ground, prancing and gloating at its strength;
and it greets the battle with a charge.
22 It laughs at fear, is a stranger to panic,
and will not turn away from any oncoming blade.
23 Though the quiver’s arrows rattle at its side,
though the spear and lance flash in its eyes,
24 It is a storm and a fury devouring the ground ahead,
set off by the blast of the trumpet, unable to stand still.
25 Stirred by the trumpet sound to charge,
the horse responds with its own blast
and smells the blood of battle from a distance,
amid commands barked by officers and shouts of alarm.
26 Does the hawk take flight by your wisdom,
stretching its wings toward the south?
27 Does the eagle take flight at your command,
or build its nest in the towering heights?
28 On jutting cliffs it lives and keeps the night;
on rocky crags it builds its mountain stronghold.
29 From there it spies its prey;
its keen eyes discover its victim still far off.
30 Its young ones feast on blood,
and wherever the slain lie, there it is.
40 The Eternal continued speaking to Job.
2 Eternal One: Have you heard enough?
Will the one who finds fault with the Highest One[x] now make his case?
Let God’s accuser answer Him!
3 Job answered the Eternal.
4 Job: Oh, I am so small. How can I reply to You?
I’ll cover my mouth with my hand, for I’ve already said too much.
5 One time I have spoken, and I have no answer to give—
two times, and I have nothing more to add.
6 The Eternal spoke to Job from the raging storm.
Eternal One: 7 Now, prepare yourself and gather your courage like a warrior.
Prepare yourself for the task at hand.
I’ll be asking the questions, now—
you will supply the answers.
8 Let Me ask you a new question:
Would you go so far as to call into question My judgment?
Would you imagine Me guilty merely in order to justify yourself?
9 Do you have an arm just as powerful as God’s
and does your voice thunder as His does?
10 Then dress yourself up in majesty and dignity.
Deck yourself out in honor and splendor
11 And indulge your anger.
Unleash your wrath!
Look down on each and every proud soul, and cut him low.
12 Look down on all who are proud, and humiliate them.
Raise your mighty foot, and stomp the wicked where they stand.
13 Bury them all together in the dirt,
and shroud their frozen faces in the secret recesses of the grave.
14 If you can execute all this,
then I—yes, even I—will praise you,
for your great and mighty right hand earned you the victory!
15 But before you undertake My challenge,
turn your attention to Behemoth,
The beast which I fashioned along with you.
Behemoth isn’t just any beast. Because of the Hebrew grammatical construction, it is apparent that Behemoth is the largest, strongest beast the Lord ever created. With the exception of his dreadful size and strength, Behemoth’s description seems to be one of a peaceful animal—hanging out by the river and chewing its cud. Ancient Jewish myth describes him otherwise: the primal land monster will one day fight against the primal sea monster, Leviathan, bringing chaos; their deaths will end the world. This legend may be the backdrop of Behemoth’s description here, and some see it obliquely referenced in the New Testament. In Revelation the beast who is the antichrist is accompanied by the false prophet; but Leviathan isn’t the one who kills Behemoth, or the false prophet as some see him. God throws the false prophet and the antichrist into the “lake of fire that burns with sulfur” (Revelation 19:20; 20:10).
Eternal One: It eats grass like an ox.
16 Look carefully: it has a sturdy, muscular base
and draws its power from its brawny core.
17 Its bends like a cedar,
the sinews of its powerful thighs are woven tightly.
18 Its bones, unbreakable, are like tubes of bronze;
its whole skeletal structure is like a framework of iron.
19 It is one of My most marvelous creations;
only I, its Maker, can threaten its existence.
20 The hillsides offer it food as it grazes near
where the wild animals bustle and play.
21 It lies beside the river under the shade of the lotus,
hidden by the reeds of the marsh;
22 The lotus trees cover it with their shadows;
the willows of the stream surround it.
23 It is not alarmed when the river rises and rages;
it stands confident, firmly fixed,
Even when the Jordan swells
and rushes against it.
24 Can anyone capture this beast while it is watching
or trap it and pierce its nose to haul it off?
41 Eternal One: Now let us not stop here.
What of Leviathan?
Can you haul it in on the end of a hook
or strap down its tongue with your line?
In modern times, a leviathan is understood as something large and formidable. It may apply to an abstract entity, such as a totalitarian state, or to an actual monster, such as Captain Nemo’s giant squid. That modern idea is based on an ancient creation myth. Psalm 74 alludes to God’s conquest of Leviathan, a seven-headed monster that breathed fire, before His creation of the world. Leviathan was the master of chaos, living somewhere in the deep along with Rahab, another sea monster. The story goes that God chopped off six of Leviathan’s heads and imprisoned it in the deepest parts of the ocean, where it remains today. Leviathan creeps up occasionally in the Bible as a terrifying adversary, most notably in Revelation where it is described as a dragon or beast that comes up out of the sea and is specifically identified as Satan (Revelation 12:9; 13:1-3). So Leviathan will get another chance to fight God, but once again it will fall to the One who brought divine order to chaos.
2 Will you subdue it with a fragile reed through its nose
or pierce its jaw with a hook?
3 Do you imagine it will beg you endlessly for mercy
or lower its voice to a whisper when speaking to you?
4 Will it strike a deal with you
and enter into your service as a lifelong slave?
5 Will you play with it as you would a pet bird
or put it on a leash for your girls?
6 Will traders haggle over its price
and others seek to divide it up among the merchants?
7 Can you fill its hide with harpoons
or its head with fishing spears?
8 If you are able to lay a hand on it,
You will remember the struggle all of your days,
and you will never do it again.
9 Now look, any expectation you could subdue it will be shattered.
Just the sight of it is enough to overpower you.
10 No one is fierce enough to dare disturb it.
So is there anyone in all the earth who dares to stand up to Me?
11 Who could ever confront Me and force Me to repay him?
Everything and everyone under heaven is Mine![y]
12 I will not be silent regarding Leviathan’s powerful limbs,
its enormous strength, or its beautiful form.
13 Who can reveal what is under its outer armor covering
or penetrate down through its double coat of mail?
14 Who can pry open its enormous jaws?
Remember: its teeth are a terror from every angle.
15 Its back is covered with rows of shields
that overlap and shut with a tight seal—
16 One against another,
so close that no wind passes between them.
17 They are joined to one another,
inseparably locked.
18 When it sneezes, light flashes from its nostrils;
its eyes are like the rays of the morning sun.
19 Fire streams from its mouth
as fiery sparks fly outward.
20 Smoke pours from its nostrils
as from a boiling pot or a brush fire.
21 Its searing breath sets coals ablaze;
its flaming tongue darts from its mouth.
22 Leviathan’s neck bristles with raw power;
terror dances before him.
23 The creases in its flesh fuse together:
firm, fixed, immovable.
24 Its heart is rock hard,
as hard as a lower millstone, impervious to grinding.
25 When the beast rises up and moves near, the mighty ones shudder in fear;
when it crashes down, they retreat.
26 The sword that reaches it may strike but to no effect,
so, too, the spear, the dart, and the lance.
27 For it treats iron as straw
and bronze as rotten wood.
28 The arrow cannot force its retreat,
and the stone from the sling shatters on impact.
29 A club is no more dangerous to it than a piece of straw;
it taunts and laughs at the rattling lance.
30 Its underbelly is as sharp as broken pottery shards;
it easily dredges a channel in the mud behind it.
31 It brings the deep to a rolling boil like a pot over a hot fire;
in its course it stirs the sea like a pot of ointment.
32 Behind it, the wake is bright and shining,
as if the sea has long white hair.
33 Nothing on earth is its equal,
this creature fashioned without fear.
34 It looks upon all the high and mighty—
this king over the children of pride.
The Voice Bible Copyright © 2012 Thomas Nelson, Inc. The Voice™ translation © 2012 Ecclesia Bible Society All rights reserved.